Chinese history, causes of financial crisis, the system supports
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: Zhiwu Posted: blog China (
financial crisis on China is not new, not only because of the endless. of course, is because in addition to currency outside of China did not develop a broader securitization notes, and until 1897 before the establishment of the Imperial Bank of China, there is no bank in the modern sense, therefore, in the late Qing Dynasty in China before the financial crisis has only stay in the monetary level, the form is relatively simple.
The only exception may be considered long in the private sector banks and the popular in the 19th century, Shanxi number. especially the ticket number, although they are not really in the modern sense banks, but the latter half of the 19th century, the semicolon has been extended to them in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hankou and other cities. Thus, the coverage from the ticket numbers to see that they had reached many people's lives can affect the level of the financial crisis. only on the financial scale, since the ticket number in order to draft off-site based industry, not the deposits and lending the same time, they led to the financial crisis potential is limited. banks even more and do not network, originated independently of each other all over and serve the local economy, even if some local banks have problems, you will not be Xinghuoliaoyuan, leading to the crisis of the whole society. when the whole of Chinese society in a natural state of the economy, finance, when extremely low level, the seeds of the financial crisis does not much.
Modern finance has changed
the potential size of the financial crisis in the financial theory, we usually put money as one of the most simple securities, whose role is to store of value, to help the value of the different conversion between time and space, so it financial crisis generated by the most simple. However, with modern banking, stocks, bonds, futures, options and other stock market came to more complex modern society, the potential scale and breadth of the financial crisis has also undergone a fundamental qualitative change. < br> In China, the stock market before the modern banking, as early as the 1860s, Shanghai began to come out Matheson shares. After the Westernization Movement in China, driven by, the first Chinese business Steamship m m stock since the end of trading in 1872 . Next, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, the Kaiping coal mines and other modern industrial enterprises, mining companies have issued shares, trading more and more fire. to 1882, the year on September 2 as a those who buy the stock, the company asked the United States is not evil, and can be profitable or not, but there is a new record company, mustered shares, then in any case, to compete with stocks. , as long as the stock to buy, do not ask the company's operating condition, regardless of down the drain. Because so many loans to investors, many banks have closed down, the next supply of industrial enterprises of the serious shortage of funds, to the Chinese economy turmoil.
1918 China's first official stock exchange was established in Peking .1919 In September the establishment of the Shanghai Stock Exchange objects, Shanghai stock business in 1920 and then reorganized as the Shanghai Chinese Business Association of Stock Exchange. to the end of 1921, only the Shanghai Stock Exchange have created as many as 140, there are 12 trust companies. The establishment of Exchange of the wave also affected the country, in Hankou, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou and other cities also set up 52 exchanges. It was the second time in Chinese history of modern securities bubble. In those years, money for the fund industry safety reasons start shrinking funds, tightening the money supply, which not only caused the stock price fell, and forced many speculators sold a lot of stocks, share prices plunged further, leading to closure of many banks, the exchange closed, trust a lot of bankruptcy, this is the so-called Letter Exchange Crisis In fact, China's bond market has been equipped with the basic scale. In 1912m1926 years, the Beijing government has issued bonds of 27, a total of over 6.12 billion. In addition, 108 million in various short-term Treasury bills and a variety of local bonds. Thus, In the , Bank and other means to establish a four-line monopoly of the Second Board of the national financial system, direct control by the government at the financial core. This is of course a larger scale for the government bond issue, provides a convenient financing. According to 5, 2001 Mr. Zhang Chunting period estimates, in 1927? 1936, the Nanjing government bonds were issued 2.6 billion bond trading volume of 2.4 .1927 billion in 1929 to 1.4 billion by 1931, is as high as 3.9 billion yuan, for all bonds issued more than 3 times the amount, fried Nanjing government has to sort of debt, marking the bankruptcy of the government debt to create two, including the banking, securities and money market, including a comprehensive modern financial crisis, a fundamental collapse of the securities of Chinese society, the modern bank, confidence in paper money, the people again back to silver coins and rely only on the traditional barter economy.
why the financial crisis, China's modernization process in such a vulnerable?
involved in the Late Qing Dynasty after the first 100 years of stock , and why the financial crisis, frequent? What makes China the nature. whether it is banking, or securities, the content of their transactions with full mobility, even the anonymous non-targeted distribution of financial contracts, the contractual nature of their essentially decided on the rule of law and institutional framework of the information environment, the high dependence, so that financial transactions than any other physical commodity markets more dependent on the rule of law. kind of tangible goods, colored, flavored itself can help significantly reduce the risk of their transactions, and transactions and financial contracts just do not have these natural features, which makes the financial market often contains a huge economic risk.
Specifically, we can be understood from the following aspects of the system of financial security required to protect. First, there must be a reliable framework for contract enforcement, in particular, independent and impartial judiciary, parties to the transaction to ensure that contractual rights can be assured of their due. If there is no rule of law, independent of political power, financial transaction security contract is no guarantee would be difficult to deepen the financial market. Second, because the contents of financial transactions is a paper contract, the buyer information at the extreme disadvantage, on the one hand this means that financial markets are most conducive to speculation in the market, the trading value of the object of uncertainty into the best breeding ground for the bubble; the other hand, if the news media without freedom of information mechanisms, and other depositors of the bank's real situation, the investor the value of securities issuers to be more ignorant, so that financial problems could be eradicated Yunniang into a financial crisis. Third, because of bank assets, the high mobility of financial securities, banking, brokerage, insurance companies, funds and other financial institutions must be independent of power, especially executive power and political power, or under the control of these financial institutions highly liquid financial assets, those in power to become the most convenient ATM, or as authority for the image project, free for non-economic purpose tools to deploy financial resources. This course contains a huge financial risk.
by financial market triggered by the system of these three requirements, whether it is architecture independent and impartial implementation of the contract that the judicial, or a free press, or the constraints on executive power, so that they can not arbitrarily interfere with the financial resources, these have a direct return to the constitutional structure of the problem relates to constraints on executive power, independence of the judiciary, legislative neutrality. In the absence of constitutional society, all over the country's modern banking system, a modern stock market will only have the power to those in power relations between individuals and organizations to easily provide unlimited financial resources similar to the last brewing into a hazard The financial crisis in the whole society. We must see that the origin of modern financial regulation in the 14,15-century Italy and the Netherlands, but the scale of banks and securities markets is more modern things, mainly in the 16th century, and is accompanied the development of modern democratic constitutional system and develop. In other words, if the current constitutional system is not reliable development or deepening of modern finance is difficult at the time, or each bring more than a little on the development of new financial crisis, just as unchecked powers, judicial independence is not Indonesia, Korea and Thailand in 1997 and eventually triggered the Asian financial crisis in the same. modern financial development in the birthplace of constitutional democracy m Western Europe, but not in other countries, which in itself is not accidental, has its inevitability, perhaps because modern financial needs of the institutional framework in three areas.
then, this analysis mentioned above, our understanding of China, first introduced in 1872 that the modern publicly traded stock Co., Ltd. and the time allowed, when the Qing government system there has been no constitutional executive power constraints, there is no imperial power independent of the executive and judicial, and no western the sense of impersonal contract enforcement mechanism independent third party, such as is extremely strange, but also in the implementation level can not be supported, naturally can not be given too much real economic value. What's more, the first Chinese-language China Daily as a In that period was just starting, so they do not help investors understand the publicly traded shares of the company's operating and financial situation of the media. So, at the time of the The issuing company and its stock is almost entirely without any substantive relationship, but is completely independent of speculative securities. Thus, the stock bubble in 1882 and then in 1883 the financial crisis is almost inevitable.
course, After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, although legislative, judicial and administrative framework designed to have a proper framework, but in the implementation of warlordism and civil war as the reason, the actual effect is greatly reduced. Therefore, 1921 ; Letter Exchange Crisis and the accompanying crisis.
the Nanjing government was established, there was substantial progress in the constitutional framework, the judiciary is relatively more independent, the implementation of the contract is also more fair and reliable. However, the Government held a large scale since then Shares of Bank of China, Bank of Communications, Agricultural Bank, and founded the Central Bank, the pursuit and implementation of the national banking system and other financial markets, monopoly control over the use of these monopolies to the Nanjing government financial resources for the then state-owned enterprises and civil defense services, services for the country's military expenditure. In particular, on the one hand banks put money into the government machine, the other government-controlled system for the state bond sales to provide a large number of low-interest bond financing, the government's liabilities far exceeded its payment capacity. Therefore, the 1932 financial crisis in 1936 and 1921 with the 1883 financial crisis is essentially different from the first two should be said that the institutional framework to support securities trading are not in place in the case of the securities market itself would have a bubble, but also bubble will burst crisis. However, the crisis of 1932 and 1936 was more in government bonds, banks and currency credit, and is due to the state as shareholder control of the financial system and use this control to do a lot of low-interest loans by their own To.
countries to finance the identity of owners and operators in the financial system after its negative effects are manifold. First, since the country is the bank's shareholders and managers, then the courts and the market regulators can not independent, would fundamentally undermine the constitutional operation of the judicial power had been the impact of administrative and political parties. In other words, even if the state-controlled banks allowed to sacrifice the interests of depositors, the expense of other shareholders, they can not state shareholder litigation, because litigation is not necessarily useful; asymmetry of power and right in this case, banks and other financial institutions, government control will ignore the financial risks to the national and state-owned enterprises for loans, so bad debts unconstrained to expand, resulting in a financial crisis. Second, since the government control of financial, especially banking, then the relationship with the powers unique to individuals and enterprises, which is under state monopoly system of finance is another major source of financial risk. The third , as the Government's debt and finally borne by the state, and national monetary policy and has mastered the power of issuing currency, then once the debt crisis triggered by the Government in this crisis quickly turned into a currency crisis extended to the financial crisis aspects of social life. Fourth, the state monopoly of banks and other financial institutions throughout the country, so allow banks to control the maximum size of financial resources, of course, unchecked powers to the possible moral hazard posed the highest per excessive amount of credit will be amplified. In other words, the state monopoly of the financial results not only directly from the root of the financial transactions can not be guaranteed civil rights, undermine the constitutional operation of space, but also in the power of the risk under the pressure of financial crisis will be infinitely expanded. In the 1930s the experience of China during the Ming State proves that, before the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the experience of Asian countries also the case.
financial crisis in China will do?
with the Republic of China compared to today's China is still a lack of substantive constraints on power, contract execution, financial transactions, the rights and interests protection and judicial independence are also issues to be addressed, and they need to address these issues of constitutional reform. Despite the lack of substantive constraints of power Chinese state-owned enterprises dominate the economy Youyi, the financial system than any time in history more by the state monopoly, and the vast majority of banks and other financial institutions are the state. In particular, in the more developed transportation network and information flow network of support, under the control of the banking system reached 39 trillion of financial resources, financial resources controlled by the insurance industry is 10,006 more than one hundred billion. in government-controlled financial resources to scale up so high at the same time, power in the financial the allocation of resources has played a decisive role in the risk of moral hazard is put the maximum. In this context, the potential devastating financial crisis in the 1930s relative to China is not only not been reduced, but was expanded. One can only expect to stop institutional framework arising from bad debts.
addition to restricting administrative power to promote and protect judicial independence, constitutional reform, the moment at least two aspects from the other, to reduce the probability of financial crisis. The first is the state-owned banks and other Financial privatization, at least to encourage private financial development. According to the above mentioned, it would at least be able to narrow the power of unchecked production of bad debts that can scale to reduce the extent of the financial crisis, while allowing more judicial and market surveillance authorities operate independently.
followed by further release the news media reported the supervision of financial institutions. the freedom of the media reported the problem can be tracked in the event of early exposure, force the parties to an immediate solution to resolve the potential crisis. Conversely, if does not allow freedom of the media reports, so did the development of small problems can be accumulated into a financial crisis. to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, for example, then the least press freedom in Indonesia, Korea and Thailand, the most serious financial crisis, after the discovery stay the highest proportion of bad loans, its economic and social crisis are also the largest. In contrast, the press has always been more liberal in the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, the crisis did the basic, basic Asian financial crisis did not impact too much. Therefore, free The news media can reduce the probability of financial crisis.
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Thank you, media and Internet users Lively offended Dong Wang responded very complex health reform
Lively media and Internet users, When the Li-Dong Wang from Zhengzhou University School of Medicine members to speak, with respect, based on a series of acute medical admissions point of view is difficult, so much advice, he immediately got up to the members and the presence of Deputy Minister of Health bowed, more than to see this his evaluation of the network, Dong Wang sincere told reporters, a polite, despite the health reform program still need to be perfected, it is not a department of the Ministry of Health issues, health care reform is very complicated, it is a social problem. important is to find a solution to the problem, so that health reform can really solve the common people medical treatment is difficult and expensive problems. CPPCC members to continue to fulfill the duties of a lot of the grass-roots situation. no matter how l is the official face of r, more sensitive issue, as long as the benefit for the people, and I will continue to call for the people to speak, carried out, a good son of the people. Deputy Health Minister Huang Jiefu was bent on the podium, please, give their views.
hope that members of the grassroots research
still some tweaking Dong Wang began to members of the Huang Jiefu the middle of the people, and Dong Wang on the TV, We Yiwei community members sit together and discuss the annual health care reform. However, why the last health reform program was enacted, never asked for our views? Yiwei industry CPPCC members put forward a research focuses its efforts, the health reform program, the number of medical personnel at the grassroots level can be able to understand? implementation?
They work together at school, the School of Medicine in the decline of some basic medical profession is more, even not hire students, all rely on other professional hardware swap. However, we think, the basis of medical students are not recruited, after a good hospital Doctors come from, no good doctor, who is to perform medical reform? under the laughter. Huang Jiefu did not laugh, he asked for silence, hope that the media give this reporter will be the next member to do an interview, so that we understand the real issues.
hope that members of the grassroots research
still some tweaking Dong Wang began to members of the Huang Jiefu the middle of the people, and Dong Wang on the TV, We Yiwei community members sit together and discuss the annual health care reform. However, why the last health reform program was enacted, never asked for our views? Yiwei industry CPPCC members put forward a research focuses its efforts, the health reform program, the number of medical personnel at the grassroots level can be able to understand? implementation?
They work together at school, the School of Medicine in the decline of some basic medical profession is more, even not hire students, all rely on other professional hardware swap. However, we think, the basis of medical students are not recruited, after a good hospital Doctors come from, no good doctor, who is to perform medical reform? under the laughter. Huang Jiefu did not laugh, he asked for silence, hope that the media give this reporter will be the next member to do an interview, so that we understand the real issues.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
China Automotive progeria
This is a speech encouraging people to wake-up call.
Do not think it is groundless, or making a fuss. Triumph in the Chinese auto industry when the mouth, we particularly need this kind of objective and calm voice.
This is the CPPCC Standing Committee, Honorary President of Society of Automotive Engineers of China this year, the Guangzhou Motor Show Forum Shaoqi Hui's speech, in this, I will be their original article, were to share with you.
Shao old with serious and pragmatic style. I interviewed him, He said that the annual auto show, whether it is Beijing Auto Show Ye Hao, Shanghai Auto Show matter whether he does not attend. He only participated in the Guangzhou Motor Show. while the Guangzhou Motor Show Forum keynote speech, he will spend 3 to 6 months time to prepare: general is his own written word by word, and then make corrections, and multiple comments, and finally knocked out by the Secretary. their love of their King, it is emotion.
China Automotive progeria
some companies had not come easily The success, perhaps we are paralyzed from the concept, strategically distract us so that we can not accurately determine their own dreams, the strength and the gap between the objective need
Honorary President of Society of Automotive Engineers of China Shao Qihui
victory in the Seventeenth Party Congress was held, opened a new chapter in the development of China's socialist cause, so that we stand on a new historical starting point, look to the prospect of the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation. We face unprecedented opportunities and challenges is also unprecedented. the sacred task of our automotive industry, is the cause of building a moderately prosperous society, maintaining the automobile industry and good, fast, sustained, healthy development, contribute to a harmonious society.
avalanche of China's auto industry is to rapid development trend, we are in the car power to a vehicle power an important period ahead. In this critical period, we must unswervingly from the mind, reform and opening up, scientific development of social harmony and building a moderately prosperous society in four aspects Deep research and development to improve the industry. China Automotive struggle of people have the courage and passion, but lacks a calm, deep reflection; for victory to get a strong look forward with confidence, they have no worries and prepare to face failure; China automotive industry on the whole, beautiful spring, glorious future, but some companies have emerged signs of premature aging. These problems are not trivial, nor is it alarmist, it is deciding the rise and fall, and directly affect the healthy development of the industry. I speak today, the purpose of is facing unprecedented challenges to enhance the sense of auto companies, to avoid premature aging.
metabolism, survival of the fittest is not only a natural evolution of the law, law of social development, but also the fate of the market economy the law of business. Throughout the world, business, few companies can claim to longevity, countless businesses escape the fate of premature decline until extinction. Statistics show that approximately 62% of U.S. corporate life is not more than 5 years, only 2% of the enterprises to survive 50 years. medium-sized businesses of less than 7 years, generally multinational companies 10 to 12 years average life, average life expectancy of less than big business 40 years. Japanese companies slightly longer life expectancy, with an average of 30 years. 1994 to 1997, the Global Growth quick survey of 200 companies, only 16% of the company can maintain the growth rate over 10 years. According to Fortune 500 companies in the study shows that 50 years of the 20th century, 500, to nearly 90 1 / 2 disappeared, and today only 1 / 3 of the 70 century, the world's .20 500 companies, are now only about half of the.
much the same situation in China. The average life span of small businesses was 2.9 years, the average private enterprise life of 5.7 years, average life span of the company 7 to 8 years. According to statistics, in 1988 has reached the scale of private enterprises, so far only 9.2% were still alive. China has nearly one million bankruptcies each year. from 1999 to 2006 individual businesses to reduce 870,000 per annum. National high-tech enterprises in the past 20 years, have been eliminated 90% of the continent's richest .90, and now only a few left in the list on the.
reform and opening up Since a number of industries and many companies are at different times had a glorious, but now a lot like a meteor has fallen. such as household appliances industry, the boom in 1995, more than 200 brands from time to time, to 2000, only 20 , 90% of the brand disappeared. Others, such as cosmetic and other industries are basically the same. Many people who are proud of the companies such as Sun God, three, giant, dragon, Asian, love more, Qin pool, has been turned into history Elegy blowing in the wind .2005 Mr. Liu Fuguang published a book, entitled The: Steel crazy sun rose: the first defeat of tea
crashing down the mountain today crashed
Wang Mazi: century-old Big L: Grassroots Elegy precarious financial
unlimited ... ... < br> Finally, preceded by a huge exclamation point. The book writing is vivid, concrete examples, it is worth entrepreneurs reading. all these years, I deeply feel that the success of companies and individuals on the reports, are more superficial, indeed, full of flattering the speech. Only when failure comes, we can get a glimpse of the true colors, unfortunately too late.
I do not want to say, enterprises and entrepreneurs will die. On the contrary, I would like to point out that although the market competition is so tough, if always remain sober minded, enterprises and entrepreneurs always have some evergreen. commendable that they passed with the storm of hard work, to adapt to change with the times, constantly deny themselves, better bring to adjust and reshape itself even the all-round reform, and thus from victory to victory, after hundreds of years without failure In 1996 the world's top 500 enterprises in more than a hundred life of more than 100 years, 44 of which more than 150 years, 8 more than 200 companies years, the oldest is the Swedish company STORA pulp and paper companies, it has been there 700 years.
enterprises have failed to return for expensive lessons, successful companies will have difficult and hard work worked out a success. In fact, we pay more attention to product life cycle of observation and research, but rarely consider the law of illness and death of enterprises. As then, we have to cherish the history of Enlightenment, drawing on successful experience, try to avoid repeating the mistakes of premature aging.
review China's auto industry, in the past twenty years, because of market demand, the gate was open and decisive, not only to guide the policy of reform and opening up of international capital, technology, talent and brands rolls into the room , and solved all the fetters of corporate development model, coupled with exceptional levels of government effort to help, so camel auto industry development and growth spurt, almost all of the auto companies have achieved varying degrees of success. But now international and domestic brutal competition has intensified, the market is full of too many risks and uncertainties, especially in some of the difficult business to the success of the original, perhaps we are paralyzed from the concept, strategically distract us, so that some business leaders can not accurately determine their own dreams, the strength and the gap between objective needs, but it is difficult to make an informed choice is painful, and some companies began to emerge a harbinger of premature aging, it is worth attention. Now, I am the cause of premature aging auto companies a rough analysis.
(Note: this speech, I quoted some examples, but more about general business, less about the automotive industry; about foreign and more about less domestic. This is because although the domestic auto companies The success and failure is caused by my thinking based on, but I still do not want the special conditions of the automotive industry to cover up the general laws, but also that of an emerging industry and business, to make specific conclusions too early.)
a , Impetuousness automotive industry is still the enemy of implementing the scientific concept of development and will lead to premature aging
business nearly ten years, the automotive industry's rapid development, do let the car were proud. But this fast after all the special times , achieved under special conditions. This specificity can hold out? automotive industry, the rapid development of our credit, but the subjective and objective role in the success of how much each? climate, geography and people and each dash? some business success causal factors too, too late to calm business leaders and even the causes of success and potential problems, we can not wait to talk about the experience of success, peace of mind to accept the media touted (and some money to buy), blurted out rhetoric without cover . engage in a new product, to dare to boast of epoch-making significance. won the first foreign order, or even just a few more orders for prototypes, to claim that has been exported to dozens of countries and regions in the international market success. Of course, the success of results can form the rhetoric, but rhetoric may not be able to piece together future performance; temporary success, not necessarily you every success in his life. We in the plain language of the automotive industry too little, filled with many occasions boasted of the advertisement, is worrying.
in the report of the Seventeenth Party Congress, Comrade Hu Jintao warned us deeply, although China has made remarkable achievements and significant far-reaching changes, but China is still in primary stage of socialism, and long-term basic national conditions do not change, we must always remain sober minded, based on the primary stage of socialism, the largest practical. not only do not belittle ourselves, wallow in backwardness, and do not unrealistic pursuit of quick results. This is entirely consistent with the status of the automobile industry. Although we have a car big country , but from the automobile industry to see the whole process, we are still in the initial stage; from the auto industry overall, despite our dynamic industry, still lack adequate power. This is the industry's largest practice, all our thinking and behavior can not ignore this basic situation. Hong Kong has a business called the Johnson Electric Group, in the sub-micro-motor and drive the worldwide leader in the field, the annual output over one billion units, the Hang Seng Index constituent stocks of the only industries. the company's credo is said that he is the first, otherwise it will lose the momentum to move forward.
goal is the pursuit of higher performance revolutionary zeal and dedication, impulsiveness with which the surface has some similarities. The difference is that the cause of revolution goal is through scientific argumentation, practical, and impetuous wind advocates the goal is arbitrarily, without basis, not to deceive others, is to lie to myself. Now, some car companies do not speak and stronger, and nothing but bigger; not quality efforts, he kept the volume to make a fuss; do not take seriously the economic issue, but blind misappropriating attract investment, expand the scale of harm than at a great trend. impetuous in product development, the main characteristics of the wind is so anxious infringement of intellectual property rights of others willing to not love their own innovations; honestly do not experimental, not the accumulation of data, not copy, even immature products to market, allowing users to taste the bitter pill. There is no doubt that China's auto industry The development goal is to continue to focus on the domestic market, into the international market. internationalized This step is very important and also very difficult, requiring scientific and rational, are prepared to coordinate a planned expansion. At present, some companies do not devote themselves to study of international automotive market operating rules, not all regions of regulations, standards and intellectual property requirements, pay attention to seize the opportunity to said: Chinese companies, and now I could not understand what is it the most? impatient, just bigger. I think that companies should step by step, first and then do a big business and stronger, this is the right path. Large Enterprise Virtual dangerous. entrepreneurs should engage in some one o'clock a small number of claims to create some kind of miracle auto companies are now facing an embarrassing situation. industry insight that some monster return as soon as possible if the scientific development of the road, crashing down the day not far away. This language is not alarmist.
last two years, business has some thought-provoking event, which is one of China Resources Group has been on the Huayuan Group and Sanjiu Group was reorganized, and control. Review of Resources, Huayuan and Sanjiu history, the many similarities, are old state-owned enterprises are expanding rapidly, both to diversify the road, had a smash hit. But people with different life, on the those who . Huayuan in 10 years of rapid expansion, is determined to catch up with the world's top 500 only when depletion, Huayuan empire collapsed instantly. Sanjiu Group started 500 million over ten years by hundreds of times between the mergers and acquisitions, became known as the 200 billion in assets, three listed companies and 400 subsidiaries of the pharmaceutical empire. San Jiu Wei Tai is China's pharmaceutical industry to create a sales miracle. But just as arrogant when it compared to the previous two, the biggest difference is that road go steadily Dangdang, and always create value for shareholders on an important position, both to avoid the Sanjiu the rule of man, but also in the expansion degree of restraint than the Huayuan, the ultimate success . History is so, opportunities and risks always exist, to be honest, we tend to be more sober look at the past, and often easy to see the future far-fetched.
the impetuous wind of auto companies and business leaders, although related, but the whole industry to see , impetuous wind is in certain government departments and local government formed under the clamor and encouraged. Many auto companies can not really solve the Separation of the Government, acting with a very clear business administration colors, mainly affected by certain major decisions almost control of the government authorities. chasing GDP performance of certain officials do not care the basic rules of market economy, local protection seriously, elimination mechanism failed to form. the blind pursuit of high indicators of certain acts, not only with the scientific concept of development is not inconsistent because of criticism and stop, but was touted as the bold vision and courage. a city of only 200,000 automobile production capacity in 10 years to say the Detroit of China. Some government departments do not cherish the rights conferred by the party and the people, and sometimes abuse of power that are not released science and not the actual rules and guidance, companies often have to face a number of subjective and objective conditions do not have the ability to oriented, so lay smoke and mirrors, the industry speechless and confused.
scientific concept of development has always been to keep the economy is one of the rational growth, stressing that The essence of the wind does not follow the scientific concept of development. impetuous people in the epistemological and methodological deficiencies due to: the epistemology and ignoring the objective law of progress of things, replace the objective with the subjective and objective may be, expressed as impetuous; in the methodology, the development of things do not follow the scientific procedures, using administrative means to apply force, preferences Dahongdaweng, do not want a solid, step by step, also performed for the impatient. impetuous do harm a benefit, when faced with difficulties and setbacks, impetuous possible through the efforts will be adversely affected by the turn. When a moment made some achievements, impetuous is more dangerous, likely to jeopardize them, go in the opposite.
Second, awareness of independent innovation bias and distortion, will lose their innovative enterprise vibrant and premature aging
innovation is a resounding slogan, but nowadays many executives and policy makers understanding of innovation both superficial and one-sided, and the formation of a wrong mindset, not only seriously affect the CPC Central Committee on the establishment of innovation-oriented country practice, and the correct formulation of enterprise development strategies.
how to understand innovation is an international issue, it has the distinct characteristics of the times In 2003, the EU proposed new understanding of innovative concepts to .2004, the National Action Plan for Innovation repeatedly stressed that the variation characteristics of innovation .2005, anchored the CPC Central Committee to the scientific development concept, proposed the establishment of a comprehensive and profoundly innovative country.
in different areas, innovation has different priorities and standards. of enterprises , the innovation is market-oriented, for commercial purposes, to give the economy into society, enterprises and consumers the additional value of new things. innovations in resource allocation have a basic role. That is: innovation and prices are two different hand market economy mm instead of a comprehensive innovation, or even replaced with a more general political philosophy is more fundamental profound economic benefits. Many people only emphasized the innovative technology leadership, the neglect of innovative business and application, so their enterprise, the community is the lack of practical significance. In short, market orientation can be understood as one popular demand, the second is profitability. the standard measure of business innovation, not to see how much research into the cost of more advanced technology, there is no knowledge property rights and patents, but by how much it is spending to create value and social value, and created a number of advantages can be translated into the unique nature of business. enterprises can not achieve commercial success, they are bound to decline.
essential feature of innovation is that it The diversity and dynamic. innovative and dynamic nature of diversity, first by the diversification of sources of innovation. quite a lot of people think that the only source of R & D innovation. the real innovation comes not only from research and development, but the source Since many areas, including market demand revelation, the pursuit and recognition of users, industry changes the rules, production process improvements, the accumulation of experience and some surprises. the diversity of the participants is a reflection of innovation and diversity. Innovation is not a department or a small number of experts and researchers the task, but of the entire staff of shared ideals and goals. modern innovation is not limited to a single enterprise, but covers all aspects of the pursuit of establishing a new innovation system, showing a network characteristics of collaboration.
Second, innovative and dynamic nature of diversity is also reflected in its content is very rich, much more than technological innovation and product innovation, it also includes institutional innovation and mechanism innovation, management innovation, business model innovation , service innovation, mechanism innovation and other personnel. Some people mistakenly believe that innovation is the only new thing today. In fact the history of mankind is a history of innovation. from the date of the new China was born when we have no land is not without innovation, After the Third Plenum in particular, the policy of reform and opening-round lead with a fundamental innovation, it is this innovation so that the motherland of socialism with Chinese characteristics and create the great cause of world interest, but also took the Chinese automobile industry great-power status. We live in the new economy, simply save the enterprise point of view technology is outdated. currently ranked the world's top 30 companies (by revenue), only three in the high-tech (GE, Siemens, IBM), and this 3 also has a history of 100 years. of those who are out or exit 500 companies, is basically the main reason for failure is not technical reasons, but mostly business strategy and system innovation has not kept pace. < br> The new situation gives new meaning to industrial innovation, but new content is still based on the reform and opening up this point, and the same strain. innovations in all aspects of content are intrinsically linked, form a system. technological innovation requires many other reforms and innovative cooperation to be effective. only by pure technical innovation, in general, can not achieve commercial success, the industry has many examples of successful companies confirms the correctness of this understanding. Shenzhen Hang Sheng as a rapid rise in automotive electronics enterprises, the development of technology is critical to their business, but they are not therefore be neglected and innovative content. these years precisely because they take a scientific innovation, comprehensive, coordinated and carried out, including strategy, concept, mechanism , technology, marketing, management, innovation in six areas, which business continuity, rapid and healthy development. Jianghuai as a core competence.
Third, innovation in content and extent of the huge difference is the diversity and dynamic nature of innovation and significant features. did not exactly the same enterprise, nor the same subjective and objective conditions, thus There is no standard model innovation. with a business, in different periods of innovation in content and form are different. different enterprises in different stages, should determine the different innovation strategy. every enterprise is only from the practical point of finding and choosing the right innovative ideas and innovative solutions at the right time to launch a comprehensive, effective organization and implementation, to be successful. independent innovation and joint ventures, which are used by some people think that is entirely different path of development the absolute opposite, in the surging market ups and downs operation, and unconsciously began to come together. has been began to make their own brand. This change is the development of corporate strategy, is growing by leaps and bounds, accurate and innovative ways that this is the business of innovation. We appreciate this spirit of reform, innovation and smooth look.
Third, the traditional management philosophy, will limit the company's modernization
country towards modernization, social modernization at the turn of our times if you do not become a modern business enterprise, will decline even be eliminated. enterprise modernization of the substance, not primarily modern equipment, modern products, but the concept of modernization, the modernization of management.
our auto companies in the traditional management model is currently overwhelmingly dominated, and in the management is the pursuit of norms, pay attention to the system, attention to detail, emphasizing the rule- and ordering the implementation of the management. These methods are, and the mechanization of the Industrial Revolution, large scale assembly line production methods and adapted, have effectively played a role in the future will continue to be effective in many ways. But this scientific Marxism characteristics and management principles of thinking, basically as the main system to prevent the characteristics of the concept of it and the gap between the requirements of modern society, more and more.
production determines the superstructure, the level of productivity and social development level determines the management. contemporary society gradually into the information technology and high-tech era, computer applications greatly expand the person's work capacity and efficiency, the network has infinite open information systems and human communication platform, fast-paced modern production methods, and more changes in the characteristics of high efficiency, highlighting the human role. but man's role into full play, to become the most decisive role in progress of the factors. The fundamental concept of modern society, people-oriented, in order to build a harmonious society as the goal. consequent modern enterprise management philosophy is to continue to manage as a corporate value and based on the objectives and implement people-oriented principle, to caring for people, good people work, play to people's subjective dynamic role, as the core of enterprise management. < br> traditional management mode and modern management mode difference between the two is that the former focus too much on personal financial interests and corporate profits are achieved to meet to achieve the goal of maximizing benefits. the latter is the maximum degree of importance to train and play every team people's enthusiasm and potential of the human capacity as the first enterprise resources in order to achieve overall business goals with each employee. The former The enthusiasm and creativity. The former general in the business development staff are still capable of a smooth and stable when only the senior technical staff and executives still do not suddenly quit. And when companies encounter difficulties and setbacks, the team easily and quickly rise to ideological confusion, Enterprises can quickly collapse the buildings. the latter regardless of the wind against the risk of emergency, the staff has always been business as their home, love enterprises such as home, and down to a heart like, an effort to make, often saved the day.
play to their enthusiasm and creativity of the key is to have the talent to use modern management mechanism, to give every employee a viable career upside and a clear career development prospects. The key point is that these are achievable, rather than perfunctory Staff The unfulfilled. DuPont 200 evergreen, their experience is one of the important business of all employees do everything possible to create an environment display their talents. They have plans in the work of training, practical work in the different situations the development of staff direction decided upon, so that employees personal goals and expectations of the company's unified. For example, the development potential of individual employees, to give more attention and specialized training to help him achieve a breakthrough and upgrading; on a small development staff who , then help them to maintain the existing good condition, get the necessary psychological satisfaction. in the world almost all of the evergreen enterprises regard to staff training and concerns as the most important long-term investment. all these years I have been concerned about and admiration for the Guangzhou Automobile innovative model of development potential, take a look at the total annual harvest, the feeling is that they made the most , has in some ways deeply auspicious start to a mature modern enterprise. The most important thing is that they emphasize the dominant elements of business people, and create the right skills for its technical level and functions such as multiple development paths, making utilized, can make the best use, companies to be invincible. excellent management experts Welch said: Well. guarantee all the struggles and the party is for the benefit of the people, so that development for the people, development depends on the people, the fruits of development shared by the people. We have resolutely smashed in the enterprise reform of the planned economy of the , which to some extent, inspired the people. but later set off a wind of allowing workers laid off, some workers not only lost their jobs, losing the warmth of the collective, but also a waste of a large number of labor resources. This approach deserves serious reflection. its so Why does not rely on the wisdom of all, find another way, create a new hard work and sweat of millions of workers cast, we must never forget or ignore that. Hewlett-Packard was founded in 1939, not only for its excellent performance into the ranks of world's hundred largest companies, but also its human attention, respect and trust throughout the world. The company's employment policy is: to provide you with a permanent job, as long as you perform well, the company will never hire you. recession in 1970, the company has been clobbered, but the company did not cut a person, but for all employees (including leadership) 20% of all pay, up and down worked hard to tide over the crisis, the results of the company while maintaining full employment, and successfully get through a recession.
prevent us from understanding and genuine implementation of the ; people-oriented In certain areas of outstanding planning to create some earth person. entrepreneurs different from ordinary managers, they must have highly sensitive to market perceptions, understand the bigger picture industry conditions are good at seizing the direction of enterprise development and for development opportunities for business planning, capital and manpower to properly dispose of, take major decisions. entrepreneurs to a greater extent of the rise and fall of enterprises, so much respect. but entrepreneurs are also human beings, they are subject to the restrictions of time and space in thinking and knowledge also have some limitations, they have their own feelings and emotions, as well as their own personal lives, and therefore we can not inappropriate to their excessive demands made in the publicity can not have them ; myth overestimate the role of the subjective and personal effects of prominent individuals in the team, the collective contempt, not listen to different views in decision-making, self-righteous, conceited, opinionated, their ability, experience and habits may become an obstacle to the development of , past glory to the eye cloud cover may be difficult to find signs of decline. business growth is not easy, crashing down very quickly collapse.
Bill. Bill Gates created Microsoft, the world's most profitable companies, said that only 8 countries gross national product than Microsoft, so some people joked that Microsoft is the world's 9th largest country. Someone asked Bill. Gates, Microsoft's why development so fast? What is the key to success? Gates always said every time: I was invited even better than me, better person than me to join Microsoft.
Fourth, enterprises and qualitative trend, some companies will accelerate premature
number of enterprises has been the high side of the vehicle, but since a few years ago most of the automobile business owners compare specific products, product mix and significant differences between enterprises, coupled with the enterprise have received care and support of local government, it has not caused serious block the development of the automotive industry. But the past two or three years, auto companies product mix suddenly accelerated the trend of convergence, becoming increasingly severe, a cause for serious concern.
any viable thing has its own characteristics, can be said that feature is the vitality. the socialist cause in our country has always been vibrant, the fundamental reason is that with Chinese characteristics. the party's congress made it clear that only socialism can save China, only the characteristics socialism can develop China. socialism with Chinese characteristics is a great way. can be said about this issue is by far the strongest voice characteristics of the road.
unique features of the enterprise is also very important, or even can be said that corporate vitality and strong competitiveness of whether or not the sign. the highest level of competition among enterprises is to win without fighting. win without fighting the basic principle is: more than the pursuit of better, and to pursue different; not simply lost in the follow-up, and to the courage to create . the so-called: find differences in the same industry, with product demand specialization. high-level competition of winning without fighting the power, far greater than the same level of melee-style fighting. Coca-Cola CEO Robert wrote: If you can not different , it is doomed to fail miserably.
product mix, technological structure and business model convergence, some business leaders is the lack of strategic vision, the pursuit of immediate interests of the upset, is a non-party and vicious competition, innovation and courageous performance . China's home appliance industry in the history of ...
Do not think it is groundless, or making a fuss. Triumph in the Chinese auto industry when the mouth, we particularly need this kind of objective and calm voice.
This is the CPPCC Standing Committee, Honorary President of Society of Automotive Engineers of China this year, the Guangzhou Motor Show Forum Shaoqi Hui's speech, in this, I will be their original article, were to share with you.
Shao old with serious and pragmatic style. I interviewed him, He said that the annual auto show, whether it is Beijing Auto Show Ye Hao, Shanghai Auto Show matter whether he does not attend. He only participated in the Guangzhou Motor Show. while the Guangzhou Motor Show Forum keynote speech, he will spend 3 to 6 months time to prepare: general is his own written word by word, and then make corrections, and multiple comments, and finally knocked out by the Secretary. their love of their King, it is emotion.
China Automotive progeria
some companies had not come easily The success, perhaps we are paralyzed from the concept, strategically distract us so that we can not accurately determine their own dreams, the strength and the gap between the objective need
Honorary President of Society of Automotive Engineers of China Shao Qihui
victory in the Seventeenth Party Congress was held, opened a new chapter in the development of China's socialist cause, so that we stand on a new historical starting point, look to the prospect of the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation. We face unprecedented opportunities and challenges is also unprecedented. the sacred task of our automotive industry, is the cause of building a moderately prosperous society, maintaining the automobile industry and good, fast, sustained, healthy development, contribute to a harmonious society.
avalanche of China's auto industry is to rapid development trend, we are in the car power to a vehicle power an important period ahead. In this critical period, we must unswervingly from the mind, reform and opening up, scientific development of social harmony and building a moderately prosperous society in four aspects Deep research and development to improve the industry. China Automotive struggle of people have the courage and passion, but lacks a calm, deep reflection; for victory to get a strong look forward with confidence, they have no worries and prepare to face failure; China automotive industry on the whole, beautiful spring, glorious future, but some companies have emerged signs of premature aging. These problems are not trivial, nor is it alarmist, it is deciding the rise and fall, and directly affect the healthy development of the industry. I speak today, the purpose of is facing unprecedented challenges to enhance the sense of auto companies, to avoid premature aging.
metabolism, survival of the fittest is not only a natural evolution of the law, law of social development, but also the fate of the market economy the law of business. Throughout the world, business, few companies can claim to longevity, countless businesses escape the fate of premature decline until extinction. Statistics show that approximately 62% of U.S. corporate life is not more than 5 years, only 2% of the enterprises to survive 50 years. medium-sized businesses of less than 7 years, generally multinational companies 10 to 12 years average life, average life expectancy of less than big business 40 years. Japanese companies slightly longer life expectancy, with an average of 30 years. 1994 to 1997, the Global Growth quick survey of 200 companies, only 16% of the company can maintain the growth rate over 10 years. According to Fortune 500 companies in the study shows that 50 years of the 20th century, 500, to nearly 90 1 / 2 disappeared, and today only 1 / 3 of the 70 century, the world's .20 500 companies, are now only about half of the.
much the same situation in China. The average life span of small businesses was 2.9 years, the average private enterprise life of 5.7 years, average life span of the company 7 to 8 years. According to statistics, in 1988 has reached the scale of private enterprises, so far only 9.2% were still alive. China has nearly one million bankruptcies each year. from 1999 to 2006 individual businesses to reduce 870,000 per annum. National high-tech enterprises in the past 20 years, have been eliminated 90% of the continent's richest .90, and now only a few left in the list on the.
reform and opening up Since a number of industries and many companies are at different times had a glorious, but now a lot like a meteor has fallen. such as household appliances industry, the boom in 1995, more than 200 brands from time to time, to 2000, only 20 , 90% of the brand disappeared. Others, such as cosmetic and other industries are basically the same. Many people who are proud of the companies such as Sun God, three, giant, dragon, Asian, love more, Qin pool, has been turned into history Elegy blowing in the wind .2005 Mr. Liu Fuguang published a book, entitled The: Steel crazy sun rose: the first defeat of tea
crashing down the mountain today crashed
Wang Mazi: century-old Big L: Grassroots Elegy precarious financial
unlimited ... ... < br> Finally, preceded by a huge exclamation point. The book writing is vivid, concrete examples, it is worth entrepreneurs reading. all these years, I deeply feel that the success of companies and individuals on the reports, are more superficial, indeed, full of flattering the speech. Only when failure comes, we can get a glimpse of the true colors, unfortunately too late.
I do not want to say, enterprises and entrepreneurs will die. On the contrary, I would like to point out that although the market competition is so tough, if always remain sober minded, enterprises and entrepreneurs always have some evergreen. commendable that they passed with the storm of hard work, to adapt to change with the times, constantly deny themselves, better bring to adjust and reshape itself even the all-round reform, and thus from victory to victory, after hundreds of years without failure In 1996 the world's top 500 enterprises in more than a hundred life of more than 100 years, 44 of which more than 150 years, 8 more than 200 companies years, the oldest is the Swedish company STORA pulp and paper companies, it has been there 700 years.
enterprises have failed to return for expensive lessons, successful companies will have difficult and hard work worked out a success. In fact, we pay more attention to product life cycle of observation and research, but rarely consider the law of illness and death of enterprises. As then, we have to cherish the history of Enlightenment, drawing on successful experience, try to avoid repeating the mistakes of premature aging.
review China's auto industry, in the past twenty years, because of market demand, the gate was open and decisive, not only to guide the policy of reform and opening up of international capital, technology, talent and brands rolls into the room , and solved all the fetters of corporate development model, coupled with exceptional levels of government effort to help, so camel auto industry development and growth spurt, almost all of the auto companies have achieved varying degrees of success. But now international and domestic brutal competition has intensified, the market is full of too many risks and uncertainties, especially in some of the difficult business to the success of the original, perhaps we are paralyzed from the concept, strategically distract us, so that some business leaders can not accurately determine their own dreams, the strength and the gap between objective needs, but it is difficult to make an informed choice is painful, and some companies began to emerge a harbinger of premature aging, it is worth attention. Now, I am the cause of premature aging auto companies a rough analysis.
(Note: this speech, I quoted some examples, but more about general business, less about the automotive industry; about foreign and more about less domestic. This is because although the domestic auto companies The success and failure is caused by my thinking based on, but I still do not want the special conditions of the automotive industry to cover up the general laws, but also that of an emerging industry and business, to make specific conclusions too early.)
a , Impetuousness automotive industry is still the enemy of implementing the scientific concept of development and will lead to premature aging
business nearly ten years, the automotive industry's rapid development, do let the car were proud. But this fast after all the special times , achieved under special conditions. This specificity can hold out? automotive industry, the rapid development of our credit, but the subjective and objective role in the success of how much each? climate, geography and people and each dash? some business success causal factors too, too late to calm business leaders and even the causes of success and potential problems, we can not wait to talk about the experience of success, peace of mind to accept the media touted (and some money to buy), blurted out rhetoric without cover . engage in a new product, to dare to boast of epoch-making significance. won the first foreign order, or even just a few more orders for prototypes, to claim that has been exported to dozens of countries and regions in the international market success. Of course, the success of results can form the rhetoric, but rhetoric may not be able to piece together future performance; temporary success, not necessarily you every success in his life. We in the plain language of the automotive industry too little, filled with many occasions boasted of the advertisement, is worrying.
in the report of the Seventeenth Party Congress, Comrade Hu Jintao warned us deeply, although China has made remarkable achievements and significant far-reaching changes, but China is still in primary stage of socialism, and long-term basic national conditions do not change, we must always remain sober minded, based on the primary stage of socialism, the largest practical. not only do not belittle ourselves, wallow in backwardness, and do not unrealistic pursuit of quick results. This is entirely consistent with the status of the automobile industry. Although we have a car big country , but from the automobile industry to see the whole process, we are still in the initial stage; from the auto industry overall, despite our dynamic industry, still lack adequate power. This is the industry's largest practice, all our thinking and behavior can not ignore this basic situation. Hong Kong has a business called the Johnson Electric Group, in the sub-micro-motor and drive the worldwide leader in the field, the annual output over one billion units, the Hang Seng Index constituent stocks of the only industries. the company's credo is said that he is the first, otherwise it will lose the momentum to move forward.
goal is the pursuit of higher performance revolutionary zeal and dedication, impulsiveness with which the surface has some similarities. The difference is that the cause of revolution goal is through scientific argumentation, practical, and impetuous wind advocates the goal is arbitrarily, without basis, not to deceive others, is to lie to myself. Now, some car companies do not speak and stronger, and nothing but bigger; not quality efforts, he kept the volume to make a fuss; do not take seriously the economic issue, but blind misappropriating attract investment, expand the scale of harm than at a great trend. impetuous in product development, the main characteristics of the wind is so anxious infringement of intellectual property rights of others willing to not love their own innovations; honestly do not experimental, not the accumulation of data, not copy, even immature products to market, allowing users to taste the bitter pill. There is no doubt that China's auto industry The development goal is to continue to focus on the domestic market, into the international market. internationalized This step is very important and also very difficult, requiring scientific and rational, are prepared to coordinate a planned expansion. At present, some companies do not devote themselves to study of international automotive market operating rules, not all regions of regulations, standards and intellectual property requirements, pay attention to seize the opportunity to said: Chinese companies, and now I could not understand what is it the most? impatient, just bigger. I think that companies should step by step, first and then do a big business and stronger, this is the right path. Large Enterprise Virtual dangerous. entrepreneurs should engage in some one o'clock a small number of claims to create some kind of miracle auto companies are now facing an embarrassing situation. industry insight that some monster return as soon as possible if the scientific development of the road, crashing down the day not far away. This language is not alarmist.
last two years, business has some thought-provoking event, which is one of China Resources Group has been on the Huayuan Group and Sanjiu Group was reorganized, and control. Review of Resources, Huayuan and Sanjiu history, the many similarities, are old state-owned enterprises are expanding rapidly, both to diversify the road, had a smash hit. But people with different life, on the those who . Huayuan in 10 years of rapid expansion, is determined to catch up with the world's top 500 only when depletion, Huayuan empire collapsed instantly. Sanjiu Group started 500 million over ten years by hundreds of times between the mergers and acquisitions, became known as the 200 billion in assets, three listed companies and 400 subsidiaries of the pharmaceutical empire. San Jiu Wei Tai is China's pharmaceutical industry to create a sales miracle. But just as arrogant when it compared to the previous two, the biggest difference is that road go steadily Dangdang, and always create value for shareholders on an important position, both to avoid the Sanjiu the rule of man, but also in the expansion degree of restraint than the Huayuan, the ultimate success . History is so, opportunities and risks always exist, to be honest, we tend to be more sober look at the past, and often easy to see the future far-fetched.
the impetuous wind of auto companies and business leaders, although related, but the whole industry to see , impetuous wind is in certain government departments and local government formed under the clamor and encouraged. Many auto companies can not really solve the Separation of the Government, acting with a very clear business administration colors, mainly affected by certain major decisions almost control of the government authorities. chasing GDP performance of certain officials do not care the basic rules of market economy, local protection seriously, elimination mechanism failed to form. the blind pursuit of high indicators of certain acts, not only with the scientific concept of development is not inconsistent because of criticism and stop, but was touted as the bold vision and courage. a city of only 200,000 automobile production capacity in 10 years to say the Detroit of China. Some government departments do not cherish the rights conferred by the party and the people, and sometimes abuse of power that are not released science and not the actual rules and guidance, companies often have to face a number of subjective and objective conditions do not have the ability to oriented, so lay smoke and mirrors, the industry speechless and confused.
scientific concept of development has always been to keep the economy is one of the rational growth, stressing that The essence of the wind does not follow the scientific concept of development. impetuous people in the epistemological and methodological deficiencies due to: the epistemology and ignoring the objective law of progress of things, replace the objective with the subjective and objective may be, expressed as impetuous; in the methodology, the development of things do not follow the scientific procedures, using administrative means to apply force, preferences Dahongdaweng, do not want a solid, step by step, also performed for the impatient. impetuous do harm a benefit, when faced with difficulties and setbacks, impetuous possible through the efforts will be adversely affected by the turn. When a moment made some achievements, impetuous is more dangerous, likely to jeopardize them, go in the opposite.
Second, awareness of independent innovation bias and distortion, will lose their innovative enterprise vibrant and premature aging
innovation is a resounding slogan, but nowadays many executives and policy makers understanding of innovation both superficial and one-sided, and the formation of a wrong mindset, not only seriously affect the CPC Central Committee on the establishment of innovation-oriented country practice, and the correct formulation of enterprise development strategies.
how to understand innovation is an international issue, it has the distinct characteristics of the times In 2003, the EU proposed new understanding of innovative concepts to .2004, the National Action Plan for Innovation repeatedly stressed that the variation characteristics of innovation .2005, anchored the CPC Central Committee to the scientific development concept, proposed the establishment of a comprehensive and profoundly innovative country.
in different areas, innovation has different priorities and standards. of enterprises , the innovation is market-oriented, for commercial purposes, to give the economy into society, enterprises and consumers the additional value of new things. innovations in resource allocation have a basic role. That is: innovation and prices are two different hand market economy mm instead of a comprehensive innovation, or even replaced with a more general political philosophy is more fundamental profound economic benefits. Many people only emphasized the innovative technology leadership, the neglect of innovative business and application, so their enterprise, the community is the lack of practical significance. In short, market orientation can be understood as one popular demand, the second is profitability. the standard measure of business innovation, not to see how much research into the cost of more advanced technology, there is no knowledge property rights and patents, but by how much it is spending to create value and social value, and created a number of advantages can be translated into the unique nature of business. enterprises can not achieve commercial success, they are bound to decline.
essential feature of innovation is that it The diversity and dynamic. innovative and dynamic nature of diversity, first by the diversification of sources of innovation. quite a lot of people think that the only source of R & D innovation. the real innovation comes not only from research and development, but the source Since many areas, including market demand revelation, the pursuit and recognition of users, industry changes the rules, production process improvements, the accumulation of experience and some surprises. the diversity of the participants is a reflection of innovation and diversity. Innovation is not a department or a small number of experts and researchers the task, but of the entire staff of shared ideals and goals. modern innovation is not limited to a single enterprise, but covers all aspects of the pursuit of establishing a new innovation system, showing a network characteristics of collaboration.
Second, innovative and dynamic nature of diversity is also reflected in its content is very rich, much more than technological innovation and product innovation, it also includes institutional innovation and mechanism innovation, management innovation, business model innovation , service innovation, mechanism innovation and other personnel. Some people mistakenly believe that innovation is the only new thing today. In fact the history of mankind is a history of innovation. from the date of the new China was born when we have no land is not without innovation, After the Third Plenum in particular, the policy of reform and opening-round lead with a fundamental innovation, it is this innovation so that the motherland of socialism with Chinese characteristics and create the great cause of world interest, but also took the Chinese automobile industry great-power status. We live in the new economy, simply save the enterprise point of view technology is outdated. currently ranked the world's top 30 companies (by revenue), only three in the high-tech (GE, Siemens, IBM), and this 3 also has a history of 100 years. of those who are out or exit 500 companies, is basically the main reason for failure is not technical reasons, but mostly business strategy and system innovation has not kept pace. < br> The new situation gives new meaning to industrial innovation, but new content is still based on the reform and opening up this point, and the same strain. innovations in all aspects of content are intrinsically linked, form a system. technological innovation requires many other reforms and innovative cooperation to be effective. only by pure technical innovation, in general, can not achieve commercial success, the industry has many examples of successful companies confirms the correctness of this understanding. Shenzhen Hang Sheng as a rapid rise in automotive electronics enterprises, the development of technology is critical to their business, but they are not therefore be neglected and innovative content. these years precisely because they take a scientific innovation, comprehensive, coordinated and carried out, including strategy, concept, mechanism , technology, marketing, management, innovation in six areas, which business continuity, rapid and healthy development. Jianghuai as a core competence.
Third, innovation in content and extent of the huge difference is the diversity and dynamic nature of innovation and significant features. did not exactly the same enterprise, nor the same subjective and objective conditions, thus There is no standard model innovation. with a business, in different periods of innovation in content and form are different. different enterprises in different stages, should determine the different innovation strategy. every enterprise is only from the practical point of finding and choosing the right innovative ideas and innovative solutions at the right time to launch a comprehensive, effective organization and implementation, to be successful. independent innovation and joint ventures, which are used by some people think that is entirely different path of development the absolute opposite, in the surging market ups and downs operation, and unconsciously began to come together. has been began to make their own brand. This change is the development of corporate strategy, is growing by leaps and bounds, accurate and innovative ways that this is the business of innovation. We appreciate this spirit of reform, innovation and smooth look.
Third, the traditional management philosophy, will limit the company's modernization
country towards modernization, social modernization at the turn of our times if you do not become a modern business enterprise, will decline even be eliminated. enterprise modernization of the substance, not primarily modern equipment, modern products, but the concept of modernization, the modernization of management.
our auto companies in the traditional management model is currently overwhelmingly dominated, and in the management is the pursuit of norms, pay attention to the system, attention to detail, emphasizing the rule- and ordering the implementation of the management. These methods are, and the mechanization of the Industrial Revolution, large scale assembly line production methods and adapted, have effectively played a role in the future will continue to be effective in many ways. But this scientific Marxism characteristics and management principles of thinking, basically as the main system to prevent the characteristics of the concept of it and the gap between the requirements of modern society, more and more.
production determines the superstructure, the level of productivity and social development level determines the management. contemporary society gradually into the information technology and high-tech era, computer applications greatly expand the person's work capacity and efficiency, the network has infinite open information systems and human communication platform, fast-paced modern production methods, and more changes in the characteristics of high efficiency, highlighting the human role. but man's role into full play, to become the most decisive role in progress of the factors. The fundamental concept of modern society, people-oriented, in order to build a harmonious society as the goal. consequent modern enterprise management philosophy is to continue to manage as a corporate value and based on the objectives and implement people-oriented principle, to caring for people, good people work, play to people's subjective dynamic role, as the core of enterprise management. < br> traditional management mode and modern management mode difference between the two is that the former focus too much on personal financial interests and corporate profits are achieved to meet to achieve the goal of maximizing benefits. the latter is the maximum degree of importance to train and play every team people's enthusiasm and potential of the human capacity as the first enterprise resources in order to achieve overall business goals with each employee. The former The enthusiasm and creativity. The former general in the business development staff are still capable of a smooth and stable when only the senior technical staff and executives still do not suddenly quit. And when companies encounter difficulties and setbacks, the team easily and quickly rise to ideological confusion, Enterprises can quickly collapse the buildings. the latter regardless of the wind against the risk of emergency, the staff has always been business as their home, love enterprises such as home, and down to a heart like, an effort to make, often saved the day.
play to their enthusiasm and creativity of the key is to have the talent to use modern management mechanism, to give every employee a viable career upside and a clear career development prospects. The key point is that these are achievable, rather than perfunctory Staff The unfulfilled. DuPont 200 evergreen, their experience is one of the important business of all employees do everything possible to create an environment display their talents. They have plans in the work of training, practical work in the different situations the development of staff direction decided upon, so that employees personal goals and expectations of the company's unified. For example, the development potential of individual employees, to give more attention and specialized training to help him achieve a breakthrough and upgrading; on a small development staff who , then help them to maintain the existing good condition, get the necessary psychological satisfaction. in the world almost all of the evergreen enterprises regard to staff training and concerns as the most important long-term investment. all these years I have been concerned about and admiration for the Guangzhou Automobile innovative model of development potential, take a look at the total annual harvest, the feeling is that they made the most , has in some ways deeply auspicious start to a mature modern enterprise. The most important thing is that they emphasize the dominant elements of business people, and create the right skills for its technical level and functions such as multiple development paths, making utilized, can make the best use, companies to be invincible. excellent management experts Welch said: Well. guarantee all the struggles and the party is for the benefit of the people, so that development for the people, development depends on the people, the fruits of development shared by the people. We have resolutely smashed in the enterprise reform of the planned economy of the , which to some extent, inspired the people. but later set off a wind of allowing workers laid off, some workers not only lost their jobs, losing the warmth of the collective, but also a waste of a large number of labor resources. This approach deserves serious reflection. its so Why does not rely on the wisdom of all, find another way, create a new hard work and sweat of millions of workers cast, we must never forget or ignore that. Hewlett-Packard was founded in 1939, not only for its excellent performance into the ranks of world's hundred largest companies, but also its human attention, respect and trust throughout the world. The company's employment policy is: to provide you with a permanent job, as long as you perform well, the company will never hire you. recession in 1970, the company has been clobbered, but the company did not cut a person, but for all employees (including leadership) 20% of all pay, up and down worked hard to tide over the crisis, the results of the company while maintaining full employment, and successfully get through a recession.
prevent us from understanding and genuine implementation of the ; people-oriented In certain areas of outstanding planning to create some earth person. entrepreneurs different from ordinary managers, they must have highly sensitive to market perceptions, understand the bigger picture industry conditions are good at seizing the direction of enterprise development and for development opportunities for business planning, capital and manpower to properly dispose of, take major decisions. entrepreneurs to a greater extent of the rise and fall of enterprises, so much respect. but entrepreneurs are also human beings, they are subject to the restrictions of time and space in thinking and knowledge also have some limitations, they have their own feelings and emotions, as well as their own personal lives, and therefore we can not inappropriate to their excessive demands made in the publicity can not have them ; myth overestimate the role of the subjective and personal effects of prominent individuals in the team, the collective contempt, not listen to different views in decision-making, self-righteous, conceited, opinionated, their ability, experience and habits may become an obstacle to the development of , past glory to the eye cloud cover may be difficult to find signs of decline. business growth is not easy, crashing down very quickly collapse.
Bill. Bill Gates created Microsoft, the world's most profitable companies, said that only 8 countries gross national product than Microsoft, so some people joked that Microsoft is the world's 9th largest country. Someone asked Bill. Gates, Microsoft's why development so fast? What is the key to success? Gates always said every time: I was invited even better than me, better person than me to join Microsoft.
Fourth, enterprises and qualitative trend, some companies will accelerate premature
number of enterprises has been the high side of the vehicle, but since a few years ago most of the automobile business owners compare specific products, product mix and significant differences between enterprises, coupled with the enterprise have received care and support of local government, it has not caused serious block the development of the automotive industry. But the past two or three years, auto companies product mix suddenly accelerated the trend of convergence, becoming increasingly severe, a cause for serious concern.
any viable thing has its own characteristics, can be said that feature is the vitality. the socialist cause in our country has always been vibrant, the fundamental reason is that with Chinese characteristics. the party's congress made it clear that only socialism can save China, only the characteristics socialism can develop China. socialism with Chinese characteristics is a great way. can be said about this issue is by far the strongest voice characteristics of the road.
unique features of the enterprise is also very important, or even can be said that corporate vitality and strong competitiveness of whether or not the sign. the highest level of competition among enterprises is to win without fighting. win without fighting the basic principle is: more than the pursuit of better, and to pursue different; not simply lost in the follow-up, and to the courage to create . the so-called: find differences in the same industry, with product demand specialization. high-level competition of winning without fighting the power, far greater than the same level of melee-style fighting. Coca-Cola CEO Robert wrote: If you can not different , it is doomed to fail miserably.
product mix, technological structure and business model convergence, some business leaders is the lack of strategic vision, the pursuit of immediate interests of the upset, is a non-party and vicious competition, innovation and courageous performance . China's home appliance industry in the history of ...
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
World of Warcraft detailed analysis of advantages and disadvantages of various occupational
(1) soldiers
I have said, the soldiers was the beginning of bitter, sweet and quite proudly after the occupation. Wasteland of the soldiers, equipment difficult to keep up, the talent is still insufficient knowledge, is moving in the field of basic honor.
I still remember about cwow beta forum, a group of people recognized that in the wild is not afraid of professional soldiers ......< br> but now no longer used to.
now the occupation of play, ways to deal with already mature, on the talent already have numerous choices cream paste. even if not yet reached the top fighters, but also can cause much larger than before the destruction.
more importantly, weapons and equipment. old liberated Needless to say, even if the newly opened area 5, a soldier can still easily buy the whole set of blue in ah the green equipment. In the past we said that the weak fighters, mainly because of land clearing equipment can not keep his soldiers during the level. This situation is now no longer exists.
match at a time are equipped with the level of fighters, there is a whirlwind of terror the .30 level, take on the beheading of 45 soldiers by Conn, who would look down upon ? Well, you do not want to spend big money or equipment in the interim, I roughly calculated that, if you do not buy a purple, blue, only buy the necessary, then the 1-60 level so you only need 120g can live very moist, plus money on the 40 horses, a total of about 200g. ..... just a very cost-effective price point card. Blizzard does not support the point card transactions.?? en ... When I did not say ... ..
who you say you can not afford equipment or copies of you brush you can not find someone by your side Well equipment? then I'm sorry, you may not play fighters for this career. because the soldiers are the team most in need of support inside wow career, and most burn career.
a good epic fighter, equipped with all-red time of the repair costs at least 1xg, even on the 20g.
If your union does not give you subsidies, and your Under the union is often a large copy. then you need to sell a point card each week to fill in your repairs. or you need more than 10 hours online each day, 6 hours of play money, a large copy of the next 4 hours. < br> Also, for a fighter, even if there is a good equipment, they can only guarantee that you can not easily be killed by it. If you want to achieve good results in pvp, wants to be a good killer, you have to a very good operation. I regret to say, the soldiers inside the operating requirements is among the best in wow, than most of the thieves demanding, demanding than the Warlock, and a master of the requirements of the Master almost ..... .
Therefore, to be a good soldier, you must:
1, under the team sufficient time to copy or under battlefield
2, there is sufficient operational capacity, the soldiers operating inside the first requirement is wow level.
3, you can make more friends or have a lot of money, both have one can, of course, are better.
4, you have strong willpower, endurance, perseverance .... All in all, a meaning, to the final goal, you can repeat the same work a few months, six months or even longer ..... you also need some sense of responsibility .....< br> 5, your body good , at least not bad. Otherwise, I really doubt that you can copy and battlefields of endless to maintain health. especially the copy of a copy of a two career must not rest, the moment will not work. the main fighters and the main treatment. wasteland nowadays a major raid, the absolute test of a player's physical fitness warrior .......< br> a hunter can rely on equipment in the field to kill a bad rookie, a thief can attack the whole body half-blood characters of green, at least a Master bad the equipment come and go freely ......< br> If a soldier or a broken 60 a, or in pvp .... I really advise you not to wander out of a person.
So what can be a good soldier? The answer is: wow you can get everything inside.
5 if you meet the above conditions. then I strongly recommend you experience this career soldier.
addition to soldiers, not a second career can be a union of the soul and backbone of . For most of the union, a look at their equipment and the level of the main fighters, we will know the strength of this union.
addition to soldiers, not a second career can be so profound impact on the fate of a union. A main Warrior's departure, for any trade union is a heavy blow, for some small unions or even fatal. (So I say soldiers should be responsible ....)< br> In addition to soldiers, not a second career for experience Fumo million man guards the pass to open the bearing. I do not want to say, are interested can see some video of soldiers Marshal, such as pat, maybie so.
summary of the Warrior: A good fighter wow the most glorious career which is most responsible job. be a good fighter, you need to pay hard, after a good soldier, but also requires you to hard to maintain. Do you think it is worthwhile ?^_^< br> ( 2) There is a saying thieves
timeless truth: speak louder than words.
thieves to know how to this job, just look at the number of wow thieves inside (especially the small number), only need to see if the level of professional forum would provide a clear lively.
So let us look at the most popular professional thieves, in the end was good:
1, Stealth:
all the advantages of thieves comes from the professionalism. sneak, lurk in the eyes of the enemy outside. In wow, depressed people only thieves, thieves, no one else can be depressing. even if thieves occasionally depressed, after the thieves also be able to multiply the other side back depressed . I think this point is sufficient enough to wow the most popular career as a thief.
2, the assassination of a powerful ability to:
This, in turn based on the previous point. thieves to sneak, so he can choose the most Best of the attack time. a mage even shaking ZZZZZZZZZ 牛逼 to the point when the blood in only 400 thieves attack by a rookie, also a dead end. Each thieves kill countless records. because they are too easy to kill . In addition to hunters, the wild do not have a second career kill thieves easy. Even if a hunter can only say that, and the thieves just about easily.
3, strong room for improvement, whether operational or equipment, :
very thieves look operation, also see action. If you only kill those who are satisfied with Daguai, about the red blood of the poor people, then you really do not need any operation. If you desire a formal duel , remained invincible in 1vs people in, then you must hone your operation. thief demanding operation, and if you want to be a duel master words. an operation bad thieves, a duel will be very helpless, unable to win big Most professional.
and this is also a lot of really master thief nostalgic reasons. thieves have a whole career of the most readily brings the most satisfaction to stimulate the easiest way of fighting. You may see a few seconds by a Master opening crit continuous spike, which is exciting. you may suddenly broke character, played one after another fatal blow, the moment a soldier hit the red full of blood, which is refreshing. You may also encountered a non-sibling rub opponents, the use of reasonable skill in your next, was full of blood kill you, you start to finish he was brought under control, what did not hit you, is called to meet.
more cases, you need to resourceful, rational use of skills. all professions need to become a master of action and awareness, but it thieves advantage is that through our efforts, you really can become one of the strongest or the strongest. because there is the potential for this career.
then What's wrong with thieves?
Well, may be the thieves of the entire wow the most unpopular profession. Many people never kill the low level players, but in the event of thieves, and certainly ruthless. I have a friend told me that she saw the thieves have nausea, is not to make bread thieves ..... Well, I have some personal experience. thieves trumpet playing, I've never been 60 consecutive defensive players over the corpse .... trumpet playing thieves, I have not been?? of a group of people across a map to kill off deadly ......< br> There is, easy for you to play psychopathic thieves ..... this you Professional thieves determined to see to understand the discussion board, and occasionally some of the dead keep reasonable, rational attack on the post, can certainly let you see the depressed vomiting blood, and why the world will be feeling so much shame and think highly of himself guy .....< br> District of thieves .... great guy thinks there is the largest area inside ..... thieves are pulling people to speak is also the largest .......< br> In short, this is not the least liked and most popular career.
(3) Master
I've always thought, the Master is the ability to wow the most comprehensive career there.
now , my thoughts changed.
fight to beat someone else, copy and then under the outstanding success of the re-rub rub bread fucking matter ~ ~ ~
who trumpet a recent practice, there must be understanding: a good little Master group of low-level copy .... which are short of the Master.
move seems you do not like bread.
Think about it, the Master fight over who? After much deliberation, only soldiers and thieves there are certain grasp. even before the fight was Crimping Master hunters re-energized the ...... As for Warlock, Mage District, has often been roaring, 60 mage warlock than a dog, but ....< br> I do over warlock, I realized that too easily when faced with the Master. I know this is not my operation was so nice, though I did a very good operation, but no reason I have met are all Master rookie. There is only one explanation, I advantage of their career is too big. When you can often kill other similar career full of blood, you must be aware that this is not the level of your own problems.
Master ......< poor br> Remove the weak pvp, mage there is a lot of pain, that is, the endless water and bread.
dare to sit down and rest where a mage is not Ironforge and boil Gerui Ma, as Once you have decided in the main city not a total rest.
when you want to be directly added blacklist type
One of my friends saw almost 1.9 after the changes, FWG out!!!
Oh, more than half a joke.
In fact, the really good Master is very powerful still. wow the battle, there are three factors that play a decisive role, control, power , endurance. which encounters in the wild, attack war, play a decisive role, or explosive.
Master certainly has all the greatest moment of explosive career. warlock or mage can play more than single injury, but he can not one go so fast as the Master, no Master's ability to pursue the fleeing. no matter how weak is the Master of duel, a well equipped operation of the Master, in the wild, is among the best in the field is still strong.
In fact, I really respect of any one master mage. because they are not easy, and most genuine.
and thieves as they are weak, but not like them, disappeared into the shadows. their attack much better than the high priest, but no priest self-healing ability. They can not compare the continued good warlock attack, not the blood and good warlock Competition ......< br> I have played the Master, I play bad. because I did not quick response, I can do cool it. The Master of the pk extremely fast response and you need instant action. I can not, strange enough.
I played all occupations in addition to 74 other than the feeling Master operation is the most demanding (I mean, when you want to be a top expert, you need the operation. This reaction is not fast enough and the individual concerned, hehe). because the Master's career advantage in pvp it is too ......< br> For the Master, just want to say, most people really hard to play to the master state, can only be reduced to a copy machine and bread factories.
But once you become a master mage, you wow there will also win the highest respect. That is the most genuine master.
a person unable to become a master mage drifting ..... Oh
(4) Warlock:
not say warlock is bug, and no person had been a warlock, how can we understand the plight of the Warlock?
say, the Warlock did not now the extent of the bug.
first hard Warlock:
debris suffering, this seems to me is no need to say more, the Warlock really is not an ordinary hard debris. If you are under the copy of the kind of peace of mind, is just fine, fragments less torture you. If you like the assault happens, then you really have to suffer death . You have to think about this matter at any time, often focus on your backpack capacity of the poor. Even so, 10 minutes, the ss9 a bitter ..... that illustrate this fragmentation is the really hard stuff.
Warlock second hard:
network bitter. the whole network of the most wow warlock is a professional. Why do you say? you know , wow server transactions in general, when you change items easily cards, such as picking up the body, such as selling things, such as smoking debris .... for example ..... ..... ..... with shadow burn Sunburn For example .... call the baby ......< br> You realize you have an opponent of the red blood still 2 / 3 of blood, almost certainly prevail in the case, you release a shadow Sunburn burn want to know him, the results server card ...... 5 minutes after you see the gray screen of your mind do this?
you keep a person who feels it is dead, be patient until the instantaneous response skills cd baby well, and was resurrected, Prompt response to your baby ...... the results of the baby were killed in the mood do not come out yet?
you have experience in Daguai when suddenly occurred to me to suck debris, so the blame when the absorption of red blood suck suck ..... and still images, fragments that do not come out, then you see you have the figures to take a few minutes later you were dead, a look at the combat log, the unknown object causing you harm .. xxx .... the mood you?
call ..... Forget the past month out of the server card .... we all suffer, but the warlock the most bitter ....< br> (added: On this point , the server has been the little people may think that far-fetched .... Oh, the above is my experience .......)< br> Warlock third suffer:
keep body pain. warlock also First there is a wow, that is, keep the corpse was the most difficult comeback.
are not controversial? I believe it is not.
Well ..... Warlock is not dead, once dead, Prepare your horse .... swiftly launched thousands of g can run and run it .... If I run across a hunter it out .... see page, or leave the computer to pro-mm, or going out dancing fitness ... whatever you speak, do not stand up and abuse the word.
is because warlock have such bitter, so I think, wow now is not too much to the strengthening of the Warlock.
as a warlock, especially the Devil Warlock, when prepared, really strong, almost invincible. So great duel warlock. I guess now every server, the main city has some Warlock shouting outside:
warlock duel for the worse if you outraged, I tried to persuade you one:
beautiful people live frugally so much of his life to come out half an hour, you will meet meet him .....< br> In addition, the operation on the Warlock, I would say that the Warlock is not difficult to operate. If you think warlocks operating difficulties, you're away from the After so many skills, prone to error.
on this sentence, please shoot me .... Oh
brick Summary: how do you say warlocks tube bug, Warlock is still a small number of people, small and few Warlock (40 +, the novice in the area who follow the trend of not). This is enough to tell. This is a very troublesome job, you can also very strong, but no matter what the time is very troublesome. In the play before really. < br> I am not complaining, but now everyone says that ss strong, and that warlock bug, some rough it.
I'd say, ss really strong? If you are patient, they can look down.
ss points 3, dot stream (usually the Department of the pain), destruction of streams, the devil flow.
2 schools before the Warlock is very fragile, more fragile than mages, and priests do not speak more than. a lot of people talked about Warlock they said Xueniu, come on ... that is just good or bad ..... dot demon warlock warlock now rarely flows, because fighting is not bad. Destruction Warlock flow, many experts, can be very powerful, but you ask yourself, see a woman with a ss, you're really afraid of you?
you said for a long time, that terrible, that bug, I'm afraid are directed to evil warlock. I admit, really powerful demon warlock death. ready full demon warlock, it can stand in front of a main city unbeaten.
only fight if there wow, I admit, the warlock has now become the bug, because the number of operations does not need a demon warlock, they can beat the big Most professional.
it is not the case of a duel, the devil is still very powerful ss? Oh, there's a joke, even the turtle can run away from the hands of evil warlock. with a blue baby demon warlock contain almost no means of and there is no escape skills. This is what it means in the wild? you tell me?:)
Warlock of course, be increased, and is greatly enhanced. which I had never wanted to deny that, but also did not completely denial. My only wish is that this increase is entirely reasonable. because that was known as the bug's version of the Warlock, you are more afraid of in the wild are more afraid of a warlock or a hunter? you in a duel Is not time to see the pastor and see Warlock as helpless?
to known bug in this version of Warlock, the Warlock's threat to other career reached the first position? hunters and thieves fear most is a good priests, hunters fear most is the pastor and Beastmaster Department of hunters, soldiers fear most is ice ..... I am afraid only the Master, is indeed to be patients living in the Shike.
why are we not say priests how come it? because the priest was weakened? not, the priest is still powerful death. but you get used to. just like now we do not say what the thieves, because thieves had been depressed in the wild used.
Warlock been point increase, a group of people swarmed the curse .... just not used to it .... had not looked down on his career, actually once squeezed into the first phalanx, Whatever next.
Finally, I say, and now the warlock, though not bug, but there is really no need to call weak. because the Warlock already a member of the first phalanx.
Warlock caused so much saliva provoke only so, the main is Warlock pvp because the original is a weaker job, suddenly has been greatly improved, and nothing more.
addition to the problem, no matter whether that complained, saying Ye Hao, as long as this debris, it can never be Warlock Warrior? Do we have a noble to the point where, without giving up the super bug occupation, use those common jobs? Oh
(5) Shaman King
once, once the bug ah .....
described shaman in, I think of a shaman in the forum to see the player's signature, the reference is as follows:
milk! Each raid is hiding in the back, a Ku Gualian, weakly put Healing Wave, and sometimes also often be arranged to sweep the work ......< br> I know that many people had been directed to play Shaman ; single p king people began to say that, after all, a good, professional nurse, who is elected the pastor prepared to do the feeding. shamans who had selected, it is estimated that few would have thought, his last work Endless milk p capacity is still super. In fact the shaman ability to single-p start from the beta has not been weakened before, just get some other occupations, most of the increase, so that the shaman had a huge advantage just smaller. In fact, Today, in various professional forums, Shaman is still the occupation of other What is the Department of shaman.
Enhancement shaman will be frustrated that, with the Grand Cross of the Army of the hammer and the use of non-kin, to enhance the lethality is so insignificant. Elemental Shaman also depressing find themselves damage from the mage and warlock farther and farther.
shaman is the 40-60 prime-time level and 60 within 1-2 months after the period. At that time the equipment we have not yet accumulated, Sa they already have a super full of explosive power, coupled with his good self-healing ability, and lock Armor was no strong may have real physical damage, no doubt become a shaman that time the king.
With the era of large-scale copy of the farm, we have doubled the equipment. While Ye Hao Shaman equipment, but different in meaning. cite a simple example, the same equipment to enhance the blood of 1000, for Shaman is only in power, and for the thieves, it is simply turned Super Saiyan.
and like soldiers, had just 60 at that stage, which the shaman will be posting in the forum asked how to beat the soldiers? estimates At that time the eyes of the shaman, warrior is the easiest to deal with. Now what?? Oh, I sometimes feel the situation is reversed, a gourmet equipped soldiers, not to any shaman almost looked down ... .... This is the equipment to enhance the different levels of different occupations caused ah .....< br> So if you want to play shaman, you must correct their attitude. First of all this career is not a very interesting murder career, although he is indeed a very powerful fighting career. (you can understand the difference between these two kinds of argument it?), followed by his laid-back in the wild does not, hunters and thieves in the eyes of the wild shaman not terrible, But the threat is far more than a priest or warrior. and depressed is that you may find that you think the killer is a full-time nanny .....< br> Finally, I want to say that interoperability could Shaman substandard lot of people's appetite. because of personal awareness and action in the shaman can play the role of career is not too large (relative to the fighters, thieves and other occupations, the Master), Shaman's pk is really looking goods costs figured it out the skills cast time (the soldiers roar, state switching, the most critical block, etc.), playing each of mobs when they are the best in the experience of post moves, everything, in the shaman who you Debu to the proper return. as a very confident of their own master, you may not like the shaman, this operation is relatively simple job.
feeling heard, this is the so-called all-round professional ah .... . consequently the line, and consequently on the general side .... hehe. If you abide by the doctrine of the mean, the shaman is indeed very suitable for you, if you have a (6) Hunter
did turn over a hunter (pvp on the stand), but not because of the small Lu.
Please do not insult the real master hunter, relying on small-Lu fight, that is the only pet breeder, said not on the hunter. I've seen a few really master hunters, only one with broken teeth, or with several other bears, either with white lions, and one with a turtle ...=.=< br> Hunter not because of the enhanced version of the update, but because the hunter's style of play was finally widely mastered.
wow hunter pvp which is the most unique kite trap flow. is because of the unique, so let him zibba before the first video, a dark hunter area, we are all weak and frustrated his career. zibba not operate the best hunters (in fact my operation may be better than him), but this was the first to zibba play tells the hunter, you or I can see his style of play after the hard training operations, and finally completely beyond the technical level zibba, but zibba his position is still no one can, because he is a real hunter mentor.
I have not played the hunter in the time to find my friends every day I fight n times (he is a hunter, I am German), defeated every time, never won. often lose several dishes go back to watch the video ...... say that when we asked him fight anyway, and we all lose, how you do not practice it like pk of other career?? he seems to say: I also thought about those other , but every time I saw zibba video, and my heart have faith, and one day will be a strong hunter.
each vocational area has a seminal figure, such as the Mage District otherguy, Warlock Zone The drakedog, the small d region rubix. I am greatly affected by their advice, but just to say, zibba had given people the feeling is really the greatest.
said so much gossip, back for the hunter pk. < br> Now a fight is indeed very powerful hunters, whether wild or a duel. but I have a biased mind, Beastmaster system is not a true hunter hunter (this is indeed a bias hunters .... please ignore), but on the small Lu fight more can not be called hunters word (this is not prejudice a more general level ....), it was just another love-torn people of the rookie.
sense the operation of the hunter is the most readily. the kind of air twist , thrown the gun back, the guardian of that moment of switching off with a hamstring keep Leopard wonderful idea, to close at one go pet feign death traps, numerous pk experience tells you the best trap placement, etc., etc. .... so ....< br> That is the action!
hunter is not the most difficult operation, not as warrior mage, and warlock about thieves, but the hunter most likely to give a feeling of .... your operation played will understand that the kite is really not smooth in general was great ..... you'll love the feeling.
but then again .... hunters and thieves should be some sense of crisis because if nothing unexpected happens, Blizzard will soon start a career in these two. This two most popular occupation, will not escape the Blizzard of the chopper .....< br> if Area thieves thieves weak all day long there are people that you want to delete the same number, hunters often have crying rookie hunter. But then again, the facts better than eloquence, the number of hunters and thieves can account for small numbers add up more than half, what does this show? Oh
the benefits of the hunter, to sum up is that easy to kill in particular, rookie, especially easy to kill. started simple, upgrade the fastest rookie in the rookie battle to fight, the hunter a great advantage, but also There is also a great space to improve, is not afraid of the wild professional thieves, keep the most powerful professional body (yes, still scary than the thieves keep the corpse), almost can be said that the king of the field (provided that you operate consciousness are good, people are careful.) once it is very difficult group to the disadvantage of a copy, but this is now not a weakness, because you simply no need to copy the following low-level. directly in the ah to buy equipment, rushed to the battlefield or into the under 60 mc is, ask someone else take you insist on crying under the dwarves mines can only say that you take things too hard the next.
(7) Pastor Rev.
this career, if you and it is character consistency, then this is the most inside wow Rod's job, otherwise, it is nothing but a very ordinary job.
first pastor of the easiest, but the effect is good, whether it is pve or pvp effect effect.
difficult operation that priest, I can sure he did not play in addition to any occupation other than the pastor.
pvp action:
all professional fights have post moves to the general vocational pastor .... not very necessary in combat need to use more than 10 skills, the priest only 6-7.
pastor of a pain, can be superimposed on top of the Warlock power of three dot ... I admit that I really can not figure out why this started.
pastor to deal with all are close to the same routine occupations, this point is very similar to the 1.7 before the operation of small d.
pve:
priest in pve, that is, no operation at all the same copy. which I did for a long time treatment, I think I have a say. I'm sure someone will know after a similar statement in rebuttal:
The increase of blood, the person to which Canada, to which people should not increase, how much skill levels increase, when the boss fight the blood increases the order of the operations needed ..... too many pastors! landlord you said, You can only say that ignorance of the treatment, or that you are a failure of the treatment. must feel that these are the things the test operation, I certainly did not speak good words. But I recommend you and your mt when a change of position, to go under the next copy. I hope you have different feelings. In addition, I have always believed that , the operating capacity is always a priest, and inversely proportional to the quality of his team.
but I absolutely do not deny the meaning of Rev. copies of credit. Rev. copies though not under the operation at all, but really is the most tired team of 2 people one, the other is a warrior. dps can be lazy, the Master may have less control of the situation after a few dozen, the priest can not. good priest must have been staring at the screen, the eye movement and blood on the article, you look lazy to steal, the team to dangerous.
is the next large-scale copy of a physical and mental challenges of a priest ..... so hard to get a good priest.
So what kind of priest is a career? pastor is a very simple operation, very popular , status is very important, very powerful fighting career. At first glance it seems all the good priests who are concentrated, and it is not. I should also mention here a few of my friends mentioned above bitter pastor.
pastor too tired. Under the copy of the tired, to be more tired the next copy of shouting. ... a good one on the priest
I have said, the soldiers was the beginning of bitter, sweet and quite proudly after the occupation. Wasteland of the soldiers, equipment difficult to keep up, the talent is still insufficient knowledge, is moving in the field of basic honor.
I still remember about cwow beta forum, a group of people recognized that in the wild is not afraid of professional soldiers ......< br> but now no longer used to.
now the occupation of play, ways to deal with already mature, on the talent already have numerous choices cream paste. even if not yet reached the top fighters, but also can cause much larger than before the destruction.
more importantly, weapons and equipment. old liberated Needless to say, even if the newly opened area 5, a soldier can still easily buy the whole set of blue in ah the green equipment. In the past we said that the weak fighters, mainly because of land clearing equipment can not keep his soldiers during the level. This situation is now no longer exists.
match at a time are equipped with the level of fighters, there is a whirlwind of terror the .30 level, take on the beheading of 45 soldiers by Conn, who would look down upon ? Well, you do not want to spend big money or equipment in the interim, I roughly calculated that, if you do not buy a purple, blue, only buy the necessary, then the 1-60 level so you only need 120g can live very moist, plus money on the 40 horses, a total of about 200g. ..... just a very cost-effective price point card. Blizzard does not support the point card transactions.?? en ... When I did not say ... ..
who you say you can not afford equipment or copies of you brush you can not find someone by your side Well equipment? then I'm sorry, you may not play fighters for this career. because the soldiers are the team most in need of support inside wow career, and most burn career.
a good epic fighter, equipped with all-red time of the repair costs at least 1xg, even on the 20g.
If your union does not give you subsidies, and your Under the union is often a large copy. then you need to sell a point card each week to fill in your repairs. or you need more than 10 hours online each day, 6 hours of play money, a large copy of the next 4 hours. < br> Also, for a fighter, even if there is a good equipment, they can only guarantee that you can not easily be killed by it. If you want to achieve good results in pvp, wants to be a good killer, you have to a very good operation. I regret to say, the soldiers inside the operating requirements is among the best in wow, than most of the thieves demanding, demanding than the Warlock, and a master of the requirements of the Master almost ..... .
Therefore, to be a good soldier, you must:
1, under the team sufficient time to copy or under battlefield
2, there is sufficient operational capacity, the soldiers operating inside the first requirement is wow level.
3, you can make more friends or have a lot of money, both have one can, of course, are better.
4, you have strong willpower, endurance, perseverance .... All in all, a meaning, to the final goal, you can repeat the same work a few months, six months or even longer ..... you also need some sense of responsibility .....< br> 5, your body good , at least not bad. Otherwise, I really doubt that you can copy and battlefields of endless to maintain health. especially the copy of a copy of a two career must not rest, the moment will not work. the main fighters and the main treatment. wasteland nowadays a major raid, the absolute test of a player's physical fitness warrior .......< br> a hunter can rely on equipment in the field to kill a bad rookie, a thief can attack the whole body half-blood characters of green, at least a Master bad the equipment come and go freely ......< br> If a soldier or a broken 60 a, or in pvp .... I really advise you not to wander out of a person.
So what can be a good soldier? The answer is: wow you can get everything inside.
5 if you meet the above conditions. then I strongly recommend you experience this career soldier.
addition to soldiers, not a second career can be a union of the soul and backbone of . For most of the union, a look at their equipment and the level of the main fighters, we will know the strength of this union.
addition to soldiers, not a second career can be so profound impact on the fate of a union. A main Warrior's departure, for any trade union is a heavy blow, for some small unions or even fatal. (So I say soldiers should be responsible ....)< br> In addition to soldiers, not a second career for experience Fumo million man guards the pass to open the bearing. I do not want to say, are interested can see some video of soldiers Marshal, such as pat, maybie so.
summary of the Warrior: A good fighter wow the most glorious career which is most responsible job. be a good fighter, you need to pay hard, after a good soldier, but also requires you to hard to maintain. Do you think it is worthwhile ?^_^< br> ( 2) There is a saying thieves
timeless truth: speak louder than words.
thieves to know how to this job, just look at the number of wow thieves inside (especially the small number), only need to see if the level of professional forum would provide a clear lively.
So let us look at the most popular professional thieves, in the end was good:
1, Stealth:
all the advantages of thieves comes from the professionalism. sneak, lurk in the eyes of the enemy outside. In wow, depressed people only thieves, thieves, no one else can be depressing. even if thieves occasionally depressed, after the thieves also be able to multiply the other side back depressed . I think this point is sufficient enough to wow the most popular career as a thief.
2, the assassination of a powerful ability to:
This, in turn based on the previous point. thieves to sneak, so he can choose the most Best of the attack time. a mage even shaking ZZZZZZZZZ 牛逼 to the point when the blood in only 400 thieves attack by a rookie, also a dead end. Each thieves kill countless records. because they are too easy to kill . In addition to hunters, the wild do not have a second career kill thieves easy. Even if a hunter can only say that, and the thieves just about easily.
3, strong room for improvement, whether operational or equipment, :
very thieves look operation, also see action. If you only kill those who are satisfied with Daguai, about the red blood of the poor people, then you really do not need any operation. If you desire a formal duel , remained invincible in 1vs people in, then you must hone your operation. thief demanding operation, and if you want to be a duel master words. an operation bad thieves, a duel will be very helpless, unable to win big Most professional.
and this is also a lot of really master thief nostalgic reasons. thieves have a whole career of the most readily brings the most satisfaction to stimulate the easiest way of fighting. You may see a few seconds by a Master opening crit continuous spike, which is exciting. you may suddenly broke character, played one after another fatal blow, the moment a soldier hit the red full of blood, which is refreshing. You may also encountered a non-sibling rub opponents, the use of reasonable skill in your next, was full of blood kill you, you start to finish he was brought under control, what did not hit you, is called to meet.
more cases, you need to resourceful, rational use of skills. all professions need to become a master of action and awareness, but it thieves advantage is that through our efforts, you really can become one of the strongest or the strongest. because there is the potential for this career.
then What's wrong with thieves?
Well, may be the thieves of the entire wow the most unpopular profession. Many people never kill the low level players, but in the event of thieves, and certainly ruthless. I have a friend told me that she saw the thieves have nausea, is not to make bread thieves ..... Well, I have some personal experience. thieves trumpet playing, I've never been 60 consecutive defensive players over the corpse .... trumpet playing thieves, I have not been?? of a group of people across a map to kill off deadly ......< br> There is, easy for you to play psychopathic thieves ..... this you Professional thieves determined to see to understand the discussion board, and occasionally some of the dead keep reasonable, rational attack on the post, can certainly let you see the depressed vomiting blood, and why the world will be feeling so much shame and think highly of himself guy .....< br> District of thieves .... great guy thinks there is the largest area inside ..... thieves are pulling people to speak is also the largest .......< br> In short, this is not the least liked and most popular career.
(3) Master
I've always thought, the Master is the ability to wow the most comprehensive career there.
now , my thoughts changed.
fight to beat someone else, copy and then under the outstanding success of the re-rub rub bread fucking matter ~ ~ ~
who trumpet a recent practice, there must be understanding: a good little Master group of low-level copy .... which are short of the Master.
move seems you do not like bread.
Think about it, the Master fight over who? After much deliberation, only soldiers and thieves there are certain grasp. even before the fight was Crimping Master hunters re-energized the ...... As for Warlock, Mage District, has often been roaring, 60 mage warlock than a dog, but ....< br> I do over warlock, I realized that too easily when faced with the Master. I know this is not my operation was so nice, though I did a very good operation, but no reason I have met are all Master rookie. There is only one explanation, I advantage of their career is too big. When you can often kill other similar career full of blood, you must be aware that this is not the level of your own problems.
Master ......< poor br> Remove the weak pvp, mage there is a lot of pain, that is, the endless water and bread.
dare to sit down and rest where a mage is not Ironforge and boil Gerui Ma, as Once you have decided in the main city not a total rest.
when you want to be directly added blacklist type
One of my friends saw almost 1.9 after the changes, FWG out!!!
Oh, more than half a joke.
In fact, the really good Master is very powerful still. wow the battle, there are three factors that play a decisive role, control, power , endurance. which encounters in the wild, attack war, play a decisive role, or explosive.
Master certainly has all the greatest moment of explosive career. warlock or mage can play more than single injury, but he can not one go so fast as the Master, no Master's ability to pursue the fleeing. no matter how weak is the Master of duel, a well equipped operation of the Master, in the wild, is among the best in the field is still strong.
In fact, I really respect of any one master mage. because they are not easy, and most genuine.
and thieves as they are weak, but not like them, disappeared into the shadows. their attack much better than the high priest, but no priest self-healing ability. They can not compare the continued good warlock attack, not the blood and good warlock Competition ......< br> I have played the Master, I play bad. because I did not quick response, I can do cool it. The Master of the pk extremely fast response and you need instant action. I can not, strange enough.
I played all occupations in addition to 74 other than the feeling Master operation is the most demanding (I mean, when you want to be a top expert, you need the operation. This reaction is not fast enough and the individual concerned, hehe). because the Master's career advantage in pvp it is too ......< br> For the Master, just want to say, most people really hard to play to the master state, can only be reduced to a copy machine and bread factories.
But once you become a master mage, you wow there will also win the highest respect. That is the most genuine master.
a person unable to become a master mage drifting ..... Oh
(4) Warlock:
not say warlock is bug, and no person had been a warlock, how can we understand the plight of the Warlock?
say, the Warlock did not now the extent of the bug.
first hard Warlock:
debris suffering, this seems to me is no need to say more, the Warlock really is not an ordinary hard debris. If you are under the copy of the kind of peace of mind, is just fine, fragments less torture you. If you like the assault happens, then you really have to suffer death . You have to think about this matter at any time, often focus on your backpack capacity of the poor. Even so, 10 minutes, the ss9 a bitter ..... that illustrate this fragmentation is the really hard stuff.
Warlock second hard:
network bitter. the whole network of the most wow warlock is a professional. Why do you say? you know , wow server transactions in general, when you change items easily cards, such as picking up the body, such as selling things, such as smoking debris .... for example ..... ..... ..... with shadow burn Sunburn For example .... call the baby ......< br> You realize you have an opponent of the red blood still 2 / 3 of blood, almost certainly prevail in the case, you release a shadow Sunburn burn want to know him, the results server card ...... 5 minutes after you see the gray screen of your mind do this?
you keep a person who feels it is dead, be patient until the instantaneous response skills cd baby well, and was resurrected, Prompt response to your baby ...... the results of the baby were killed in the mood do not come out yet?
you have experience in Daguai when suddenly occurred to me to suck debris, so the blame when the absorption of red blood suck suck ..... and still images, fragments that do not come out, then you see you have the figures to take a few minutes later you were dead, a look at the combat log, the unknown object causing you harm .. xxx .... the mood you?
call ..... Forget the past month out of the server card .... we all suffer, but the warlock the most bitter ....< br> (added: On this point , the server has been the little people may think that far-fetched .... Oh, the above is my experience .......)< br> Warlock third suffer:
keep body pain. warlock also First there is a wow, that is, keep the corpse was the most difficult comeback.
are not controversial? I believe it is not.
Well ..... Warlock is not dead, once dead, Prepare your horse .... swiftly launched thousands of g can run and run it .... If I run across a hunter it out .... see page, or leave the computer to pro-mm, or going out dancing fitness ... whatever you speak, do not stand up and abuse the word.
is because warlock have such bitter, so I think, wow now is not too much to the strengthening of the Warlock.
as a warlock, especially the Devil Warlock, when prepared, really strong, almost invincible. So great duel warlock. I guess now every server, the main city has some Warlock shouting outside:
warlock duel for the worse if you outraged, I tried to persuade you one:
beautiful people live frugally so much of his life to come out half an hour, you will meet meet him .....< br> In addition, the operation on the Warlock, I would say that the Warlock is not difficult to operate. If you think warlocks operating difficulties, you're away from the After so many skills, prone to error.
on this sentence, please shoot me .... Oh
brick Summary: how do you say warlocks tube bug, Warlock is still a small number of people, small and few Warlock (40 +, the novice in the area who follow the trend of not). This is enough to tell. This is a very troublesome job, you can also very strong, but no matter what the time is very troublesome. In the play before really. < br> I am not complaining, but now everyone says that ss strong, and that warlock bug, some rough it.
I'd say, ss really strong? If you are patient, they can look down.
ss points 3, dot stream (usually the Department of the pain), destruction of streams, the devil flow.
2 schools before the Warlock is very fragile, more fragile than mages, and priests do not speak more than. a lot of people talked about Warlock they said Xueniu, come on ... that is just good or bad ..... dot demon warlock warlock now rarely flows, because fighting is not bad. Destruction Warlock flow, many experts, can be very powerful, but you ask yourself, see a woman with a ss, you're really afraid of you?
you said for a long time, that terrible, that bug, I'm afraid are directed to evil warlock. I admit, really powerful demon warlock death. ready full demon warlock, it can stand in front of a main city unbeaten.
only fight if there wow, I admit, the warlock has now become the bug, because the number of operations does not need a demon warlock, they can beat the big Most professional.
it is not the case of a duel, the devil is still very powerful ss? Oh, there's a joke, even the turtle can run away from the hands of evil warlock. with a blue baby demon warlock contain almost no means of and there is no escape skills. This is what it means in the wild? you tell me?:)
Warlock of course, be increased, and is greatly enhanced. which I had never wanted to deny that, but also did not completely denial. My only wish is that this increase is entirely reasonable. because that was known as the bug's version of the Warlock, you are more afraid of in the wild are more afraid of a warlock or a hunter? you in a duel Is not time to see the pastor and see Warlock as helpless?
to known bug in this version of Warlock, the Warlock's threat to other career reached the first position? hunters and thieves fear most is a good priests, hunters fear most is the pastor and Beastmaster Department of hunters, soldiers fear most is ice ..... I am afraid only the Master, is indeed to be patients living in the Shike.
why are we not say priests how come it? because the priest was weakened? not, the priest is still powerful death. but you get used to. just like now we do not say what the thieves, because thieves had been depressed in the wild used.
Warlock been point increase, a group of people swarmed the curse .... just not used to it .... had not looked down on his career, actually once squeezed into the first phalanx, Whatever next.
Finally, I say, and now the warlock, though not bug, but there is really no need to call weak. because the Warlock already a member of the first phalanx.
Warlock caused so much saliva provoke only so, the main is Warlock pvp because the original is a weaker job, suddenly has been greatly improved, and nothing more.
addition to the problem, no matter whether that complained, saying Ye Hao, as long as this debris, it can never be Warlock Warrior? Do we have a noble to the point where, without giving up the super bug occupation, use those common jobs? Oh
(5) Shaman King
once, once the bug ah .....
described shaman in, I think of a shaman in the forum to see the player's signature, the reference is as follows:
milk! Each raid is hiding in the back, a Ku Gualian, weakly put Healing Wave, and sometimes also often be arranged to sweep the work ......< br> I know that many people had been directed to play Shaman ; single p king people began to say that, after all, a good, professional nurse, who is elected the pastor prepared to do the feeding. shamans who had selected, it is estimated that few would have thought, his last work Endless milk p capacity is still super. In fact the shaman ability to single-p start from the beta has not been weakened before, just get some other occupations, most of the increase, so that the shaman had a huge advantage just smaller. In fact, Today, in various professional forums, Shaman is still the occupation of other What is the Department of shaman.
Enhancement shaman will be frustrated that, with the Grand Cross of the Army of the hammer and the use of non-kin, to enhance the lethality is so insignificant. Elemental Shaman also depressing find themselves damage from the mage and warlock farther and farther.
shaman is the 40-60 prime-time level and 60 within 1-2 months after the period. At that time the equipment we have not yet accumulated, Sa they already have a super full of explosive power, coupled with his good self-healing ability, and lock Armor was no strong may have real physical damage, no doubt become a shaman that time the king.
With the era of large-scale copy of the farm, we have doubled the equipment. While Ye Hao Shaman equipment, but different in meaning. cite a simple example, the same equipment to enhance the blood of 1000, for Shaman is only in power, and for the thieves, it is simply turned Super Saiyan.
and like soldiers, had just 60 at that stage, which the shaman will be posting in the forum asked how to beat the soldiers? estimates At that time the eyes of the shaman, warrior is the easiest to deal with. Now what?? Oh, I sometimes feel the situation is reversed, a gourmet equipped soldiers, not to any shaman almost looked down ... .... This is the equipment to enhance the different levels of different occupations caused ah .....< br> So if you want to play shaman, you must correct their attitude. First of all this career is not a very interesting murder career, although he is indeed a very powerful fighting career. (you can understand the difference between these two kinds of argument it?), followed by his laid-back in the wild does not, hunters and thieves in the eyes of the wild shaman not terrible, But the threat is far more than a priest or warrior. and depressed is that you may find that you think the killer is a full-time nanny .....< br> Finally, I want to say that interoperability could Shaman substandard lot of people's appetite. because of personal awareness and action in the shaman can play the role of career is not too large (relative to the fighters, thieves and other occupations, the Master), Shaman's pk is really looking goods costs figured it out the skills cast time (the soldiers roar, state switching, the most critical block, etc.), playing each of mobs when they are the best in the experience of post moves, everything, in the shaman who you Debu to the proper return. as a very confident of their own master, you may not like the shaman, this operation is relatively simple job.
feeling heard, this is the so-called all-round professional ah .... . consequently the line, and consequently on the general side .... hehe. If you abide by the doctrine of the mean, the shaman is indeed very suitable for you, if you have a (6) Hunter
did turn over a hunter (pvp on the stand), but not because of the small Lu.
Please do not insult the real master hunter, relying on small-Lu fight, that is the only pet breeder, said not on the hunter. I've seen a few really master hunters, only one with broken teeth, or with several other bears, either with white lions, and one with a turtle ...=.=< br> Hunter not because of the enhanced version of the update, but because the hunter's style of play was finally widely mastered.
wow hunter pvp which is the most unique kite trap flow. is because of the unique, so let him zibba before the first video, a dark hunter area, we are all weak and frustrated his career. zibba not operate the best hunters (in fact my operation may be better than him), but this was the first to zibba play tells the hunter, you or I can see his style of play after the hard training operations, and finally completely beyond the technical level zibba, but zibba his position is still no one can, because he is a real hunter mentor.
I have not played the hunter in the time to find my friends every day I fight n times (he is a hunter, I am German), defeated every time, never won. often lose several dishes go back to watch the video ...... say that when we asked him fight anyway, and we all lose, how you do not practice it like pk of other career?? he seems to say: I also thought about those other , but every time I saw zibba video, and my heart have faith, and one day will be a strong hunter.
each vocational area has a seminal figure, such as the Mage District otherguy, Warlock Zone The drakedog, the small d region rubix. I am greatly affected by their advice, but just to say, zibba had given people the feeling is really the greatest.
said so much gossip, back for the hunter pk. < br> Now a fight is indeed very powerful hunters, whether wild or a duel. but I have a biased mind, Beastmaster system is not a true hunter hunter (this is indeed a bias hunters .... please ignore), but on the small Lu fight more can not be called hunters word (this is not prejudice a more general level ....), it was just another love-torn people of the rookie.
sense the operation of the hunter is the most readily. the kind of air twist , thrown the gun back, the guardian of that moment of switching off with a hamstring keep Leopard wonderful idea, to close at one go pet feign death traps, numerous pk experience tells you the best trap placement, etc., etc. .... so ....< br> That is the action!
hunter is not the most difficult operation, not as warrior mage, and warlock about thieves, but the hunter most likely to give a feeling of .... your operation played will understand that the kite is really not smooth in general was great ..... you'll love the feeling.
but then again .... hunters and thieves should be some sense of crisis because if nothing unexpected happens, Blizzard will soon start a career in these two. This two most popular occupation, will not escape the Blizzard of the chopper .....< br> if Area thieves thieves weak all day long there are people that you want to delete the same number, hunters often have crying rookie hunter. But then again, the facts better than eloquence, the number of hunters and thieves can account for small numbers add up more than half, what does this show? Oh
the benefits of the hunter, to sum up is that easy to kill in particular, rookie, especially easy to kill. started simple, upgrade the fastest rookie in the rookie battle to fight, the hunter a great advantage, but also There is also a great space to improve, is not afraid of the wild professional thieves, keep the most powerful professional body (yes, still scary than the thieves keep the corpse), almost can be said that the king of the field (provided that you operate consciousness are good, people are careful.) once it is very difficult group to the disadvantage of a copy, but this is now not a weakness, because you simply no need to copy the following low-level. directly in the ah to buy equipment, rushed to the battlefield or into the under 60 mc is, ask someone else take you insist on crying under the dwarves mines can only say that you take things too hard the next.
(7) Pastor Rev.
this career, if you and it is character consistency, then this is the most inside wow Rod's job, otherwise, it is nothing but a very ordinary job.
first pastor of the easiest, but the effect is good, whether it is pve or pvp effect effect.
difficult operation that priest, I can sure he did not play in addition to any occupation other than the pastor.
pvp action:
all professional fights have post moves to the general vocational pastor .... not very necessary in combat need to use more than 10 skills, the priest only 6-7.
pastor of a pain, can be superimposed on top of the Warlock power of three dot ... I admit that I really can not figure out why this started.
pastor to deal with all are close to the same routine occupations, this point is very similar to the 1.7 before the operation of small d.
pve:
priest in pve, that is, no operation at all the same copy. which I did for a long time treatment, I think I have a say. I'm sure someone will know after a similar statement in rebuttal:
The increase of blood, the person to which Canada, to which people should not increase, how much skill levels increase, when the boss fight the blood increases the order of the operations needed ..... too many pastors! landlord you said, You can only say that ignorance of the treatment, or that you are a failure of the treatment. must feel that these are the things the test operation, I certainly did not speak good words. But I recommend you and your mt when a change of position, to go under the next copy. I hope you have different feelings. In addition, I have always believed that , the operating capacity is always a priest, and inversely proportional to the quality of his team.
but I absolutely do not deny the meaning of Rev. copies of credit. Rev. copies though not under the operation at all, but really is the most tired team of 2 people one, the other is a warrior. dps can be lazy, the Master may have less control of the situation after a few dozen, the priest can not. good priest must have been staring at the screen, the eye movement and blood on the article, you look lazy to steal, the team to dangerous.
is the next large-scale copy of a physical and mental challenges of a priest ..... so hard to get a good priest.
So what kind of priest is a career? pastor is a very simple operation, very popular , status is very important, very powerful fighting career. At first glance it seems all the good priests who are concentrated, and it is not. I should also mention here a few of my friends mentioned above bitter pastor.
pastor too tired. Under the copy of the tired, to be more tired the next copy of shouting. ... a good one on the priest
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
World history from the Marxist Theory of Globalization
In recent years, globalization has aroused wide attention at home and abroad. The so-called countries in the world to mutual ties to expand and deepen the growing influence of the process; narrow especially the globalization of the 20th century, 70 years since the third industrial revolution technology, especially in the West 80's neo-liberal policies in general practice, the world the integration of economic and political relations trends. taking into account the globalization need people to make prudent choices and answers. and Marx's historical materialism, in particular, its history eliminate the division of labor between the different ethnic groups the more thorough, more history will become the world's history. experience exists. become a world-historic facts. ; history of the historic change to the world, the needs of product sales, driven by capitalist running all over the world. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connexions everywhere. The bourgeoisie, by exploitation of the world market, so that all the country's production and consumption a cosmopolitan. the reactionaries greatly regret that, at the foot of the bourgeoisie dug out the national industrial base. the old national industries were wiped out, and every day are still being destroyed. They are crowding out new industries and new industrial development has become all civilized nations, life and death issues; processing of these industries have not local raw materials, but from very distant regions of the raw materials; their products not only for domestic consumption, but also for worldwide consumption. old and rely on their products to meet the needs to be new, to rely on very distant countries and areas of products to meet the needs of the replaced. In the past the kind of local and national seclusion and self-sufficiency, were all of various ethnic groups the mutual exchange and interdependence of all aspects of the replaced. material production is so, the spirit of the production as well. The spirit of national product has become public property. National one-sidedness and limitations becoming impossible, and from numerous national and local literatures, there arises a world literature. people of ethnic separation and antagonism between the increasingly disappear. caused widespread concern and strong. This is the result of various factors was at work. The first is open and competitive commodity circulation, especially in highly developed market economy. Capital is a natural international school. As described by Marx , the running of the capitalists around the world, intense and brutal competition in the market, so that all the country's production and consumption is increasingly becoming global. Second is the rapid development of modern science and technology, popular and widely used. Based on the objective laws of science and technology knowledge is universal. corresponding requirements of the appropriate scientific and technical organization of production, the corresponding knowledge and ways of thinking, resulting in different social economic, cultural and many other aspects of the mutual understanding and close. In recent years, including information and network technology technological revolution, including the greatly changed the way the human production, lifestyles, values and ways of thinking, more so than ever before the whole world together. Once again, modern humans are a series of decisions facing the global human destiny issues such as ecological problems, environmental issues, population issues, energy issues, food issues and radioactive pollution, nuclear threats, gene technology, In addition, transnational actors (such as the United Nations, the Intercontinental NGOs, the World Trade Organization, etc.) appears, in the world fully implement the requirements of human rights, cultural products of transnational communication and other factors, but also to increasing trend of globalization. < br> All this, as the famous German sociologist, Ulrich, Professor, University of Munich. Baker, what happened on our planet have lost the geographical limitations, all found that all the triumphs and disasters are closely linked with the whole world. We must put our lives and actions, our organizations and institutions, in accordance with the global coordinates of the local redirected m, re- Organization. hh money, technology, goods, information, drugs are beyond the national borders. hh globalization refers to the death of distance. People often do not wish to be put, did not understand forms of transnational life. This is beyond the spatial distance the world. reduced to five dimensions or five platters: one race in the world picture of the flow of the second picture of the transnational nature of the technology, third, transcending national and cultural differences of the media picture, the four border currency movements is no picture of the five is global rather than country-specific picture of the ideology of acceptance. This picture of each of the five is a stand-alone world, with the traditional geographical space, territory is no overlap at.
should say The meaning of refers to the interdependence of the world began to have a unified history and influence, but here the main historical events and the basic unit is the independent nation-state; an indivisible unity of the whole society towards economic, political and cultural activities become increasingly transnational direction. which this is the further and higher stage of development. However, it has been recognized that the most important features of our time is globalization . As Ai Tingni. Gilson said: sex, witnessed a major event in our past, the history of all the major events is what distinguishes the global. , p. 51, Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Publishing House, 1995.) However, often neglect the real and shelter. Scholars have pointed out that globalization is a multi-concept, it has many layers. just to understand the literal sense, globalization is not the subject of a fuzzy concept, including the ;, scope to think globalization This process results in the formation, and globalism (globlism) is an idea advocated an ideology.
any case, Marxism today is facing the challenges of the era of globalization, only effective answer to the world age problem, Marxism is possible to obtain a new creative development. Meanwhile, in the analysis, the most important tools. There may wish to select several discussions in the controversial issues of globalization slightly resolved, discussion.
Second, the nature and extent of economic globalization, the first is economic globalization
globalization, including the capital, finance, production, trade globalization. This is more realistic today to discuss the field.
Marx and Engels pointed out that market All countries will inevitably affect the rest what is happening in another country by the impact. establish a wide range of economic links, to all peoples and nations involved in the world economic system.
today's economic globalization, this situation has fundamentally changed? not. in order to achieve the best global resources optimization as the goal of a market economy, breaking the closed self-sufficient economy, resulting in a society open and competitive. As Marx in the market competition, driven by capital possessor running all over the world, everywhere they settle everywhere, establish connexions everywhere hh for domestic consumption, but also for worldwide consumption. situation than Marx and Engels is more typical of the era. to the production, for example, can present a product distributed in a dozen production of dozens of countries or regions, so that each country, region to play its capital, technology, resources labor cost advantages, so that the final product to become enterprises and joint production of 15,000 small businesses, including Xi'an, China, the production of the aircraft tail.
the subsequent emergence of large multinational companies is the main force of economic globalization. According to statistics, currently the world's 44,000 transnational corporations The parent company, with 280,000 worldwide subsidiaries and affiliates, to form a huge global production and marketing system. These multinational companies control more than 30% of world production, control 70% of the world's foreign direct investment, more than 60% of world trade, 70% of the patents and other technology transfer. MNCs to implement global expansion, we must rely on their home country; home country is often rely on political, economic and even military means of paving the way for multinationals to its advocacy of trade, investment, financial liberalization, for multinational companies to enter other countries and regions removing obstacles. Thus, economic globalization is a developed country and regions (mainly Western developed capitalist countries) as the leading to multinational corporations as the main driving force, the worldwide industrial restructuring.
Today, due to economic, technology, modern means of transportation, modern information and communication tools have been closely linked throughout the world together It has the power of radiation around the world, the world today can completely avoid this effect, global market into people's lives.
Marxist critic of contemporary American Arif. Derek after the end of the Cold War written by a summary book, integrated understanding of the world capitalist economy, Marx, the so-called ) society. While the new National Democratic Movement (colonial struggle for independence) that this trend has improved but 70 years since the 20th century, the trend of universalization of capitalism once again been strengthened. its foundation is not only a commodity exchange and The globalization of financial transactions and, more importantly, through a Derrick also noted that the universalization of capitalism is limited. this limit in a strange way shown that the universalization of capitalism, not the geographical center of capitalism. the contemporary development of transnational capitalism, by the development of capitalism around the world create a new starting point, leaving the center of non-capitalist, and it ended up in Europe and America's economic hegemony in the world and the capitalist for the first time out of Eurocentrism.
Ralph. of Lunduo Fu also noted that globalization in the economic and social limits. First of all, not all the world countries are involved in economic globalization, for tax administration, there are some areas of services, some manufacturing sectors, some of the regional economic space, they should get rid of the pressures of globalization. is not the only future economic and social factors important. , Beijing, Central Compilation and Translation Press, 2000.) Habermas also pointed out that the globalization of markets must be made on a special definition of the concept, because there is no all-embracing world market.
the globalization of capitalism the process of tearing the nation-state boundaries, weakening the nation-state's economic sovereignty, and to the development of capitalism as a unit from the country pulled out of the national. The new global economic units (micro-body) is a multinational corporation. It was will form the new world economy is described as the kind of This resulted in the now cosmopolitan localism coexist with the paradox, showing a economic cooperation, such as the EU and ASEAN.
Third, the political and cultural globalization in the process of universalism and particularism
If the process of economic globalization has highlighted the ; the paradox, then, on the terms of the degree has been achieved, or can be expected from the degree of realization of the future look, are far lower than the economic globalization and political globalization and cultural globalization, universalism (universalism) and particularistic (localism) tensions are more prominent.
fact, politics is not only far from globalization, on the contrary, the continuous development of economic globalization at the same time, political ethnocentrism, ethnic separatism, ethnic exclusion doctrine, policy of hegemonic power, the new interventionist action has escalated the war. In the absence of realistic basis and conditions are too advanced to engage in the luxury of political globalization, is likely to be implemented in some developed countries, policies of hegemony and interventionism grand excuse. Dahrendorf is not without concern, said: globalization of culture, Marx pointed out long ago, the era in world history, the nation's spiritual products will become public property of all mankind. But Marx did not negate culture in China, he believes the so-called Many kinds of exist in, and only exists in the culture among the national character. Just imagine, in addition to the culture of various ethnic groups present in the world of culture, as well irrelevant to any nation so-called point for the dialectic, it is very easy to understand. just as we can only find one red, green, yellow, or large, small apples, but impossible to find a economic or military power to force the convergence of other civilizations. In today's world, with the collapse of the colonial system, the awakening of nations around the world and has become an irresistible trend of the rise, the national civilization is manifest themselves. For any non- biases, this highlights a very important development because there would be no difference. to save and promote the diversity of civilizations in the world is lucky, lucky human. For example in the development of Western culture, whether in Africa music in contemporary popular music of the Japanese painting of Van Gogh, Monet's influence, the Chinese architectural style of ancient buildings in Europe are fully explain the impact of hh the development of contemporary European art world really benefit from our cultural differences that still exist. British philosopher Bertrand Russell long ago: the exchange between different cultures in the past has been repeatedly proven to be a milestone in the development of human civilization. Greek study in Egypt, Rome from Greece, the Arab reference to the Roman Empire, medieval Europe and imitation of Arabia, and art follow the example of Renaissance Europe, the Byzantine Empire hh short, different cultures, different civilizations and even opposition, often lead to inspiration and creativity of people, leading to innovation. there is no difference, there is no competition, there will be no progress.
Of course, the emphasis on political, cultural nationalism is not too conservative, overweening. There is no absolute perfect thing for any political system, cultural patterns have some dregs of things; even in the time, one place is an advanced and reasonable things, With the evolution of the times and society may also become negative, decadent things. Therefore, in world politics, culture, competitive process, open, change and innovation are necessary whenever.
not be overlooked is the modern world political and cultural nationalization, diversity is under the influence and two threats: first, center of various civilizations are still visible and invisible to the suppression of other civilizations and threaten coexistence of diverse civilizations and development so that the diversity of civilization of the increasingly weakened, leading to human politics, cultural resources irretrievably lost, this will inevitably lead to suppression of civilization clash of civilizations, and even war. Currently, the most threatening of the most important centers of the West. Western politics, culture some people by virtue of its powerful economic and military power, always stubbornly adhere to the Western civilization is superior, it contains the most reasonable values, behavior and ways of thinking should be most popular around the world; even openly to maintain some Western political careerists and culture under the guise of unification, the national political system, cultural model on others. Of course, not only the Western Center on, and on any other kind of center to attempt to replace the Western Center on historical trends are contrary and harmful in the world development of civilization. For example, someone attempted to use to replace some non-Western classical Western classical, and the results will not solve the past political and cultural hegemony of the problem, but is the mode of discourse over the last Western Center on the continuous replication and a new hegemony appears. Second, the political, cultural relativism, or the threat of isolationism. relativism to recognize and protect the different political systems, cultural patterns exist, against the right and wrong with their own criteria to judge another culture, which may lead to conservative closed and exclusive: only emphasized the superiority of the civilization, to the neglect of the possible defects; only to emphasize that this civilization, development, even within civilizations and then pressing the novelty, change a positive factor, leading to the stagnation of civilization, or even decline. fully agree with the political, cultural relativism, denying some of the common cultural values of mankind, it will inevitably lead to tolerate some who bring great harm to human beings the negative political and cultural phenomena. political, and cultural relativism developed to the extreme, is one of the consequences of closed, isolated, backward isolationism.
In short, globalization era, we see a multinational technology in addition to picture, beyond the national boundaries of the media picture, greater international cultural exchange opportunities, we should also see the so-called tension between particularism is likely to persist. at least in the foreseeable future, politics, culture, especially its core values as the national character differences, certainly is the world's exchanges that can not be omitted or some of the factors.
Fourth, the status of the nation-state era of globalization the process of globalization
universalism and particularism tensions on the status of the nation-state formation of the focus.
not be denied that globalization movement, highlighting the spirit of human culture the overall spirit, that is, human consciousness, such as the emphasis on human survival, development and awareness of basic human rights of freedom, pointed out: one is the class of biological existence, not only because people regard the practice and theory of his own class mm class, and other objects as their object class mm; and because mm is only of the same thing in another way mm as the existing one to their own, to treat the class of life, because people put their freedom as a universal and therefore also the existence of material to be treated. only in the community, individuals can obtain the means to fully develop their talents, but also That is, only the middle of the community may have individual freedom. globalization broke through the traditional culture limited to the narrow vision of national and state, so people really as all is globalization, not a single region, country to independently solve the face, such as atmosphere, oceans, ecology crisis, and not a single region, the country's development with other regions and countries not linked to the development. This is We started in Thailand in 1997 the Asian financial crisis, will be able to get clear enough understanding. globalization requires people to think, from a global perspective to look at, especially when conducting foreign relations, it requires more people to and more attention to ethnic relations, the relationship between regional interests and national coordination.
Marx pointed out that the essence of capitalism is to destroy the nation-state boundaries, transcending national particularity, and its development trend is to rule the world. bourgeoisie Unless expanding the scope of commodity production and sales, and constantly open up new supply of raw materials and commodities sales market, otherwise difficult to survive, to grow. the production of social, commercial driving bourgeois around, settle everywhere, looking for the lowest cost way to maximize profits; large-scale industrial development, the rapid improvement of production tools, transport facilities, the East Indian and Chinese markets, the colonization of the Americas, the colonial trade, etc. so that the and seclusion, the isolation of each other in all previous national, and interdependence between countries have become each other a whole, ; scope of activities of the various interactions in the development process, the more we expand the original closed state of the nation as increasingly sophisticated methods of production, communication, and communication and natural result of the formation of the division of labor between the different ethnic groups is the elimination of the more thorough history the more world history. countries have been drawn into a unified world economic system.
capitalist industrial expansion of exchanges between countries, between the close of the interdependence of nation-state relations, thus era. the unity and unification of the national tariff. On the contrary, the nation-state is a Marxist analysis of the basic unit of international relations.
today's globalization process, is the status of the nation-state has posed a severe challenge. the nation-state and the nation-state sovereignty is the main cross-border activities, the opportunity to be their power, policy orientation, identity and dug the foundation for the network. with the relative, diverse, vertical and horizontal linkages. before the nation and society as a geographically isolated from each other with a boundary organization and living units, the basic idea is that the structure keeps crashing. that is the global : the nation-state and national breakdown of social units, one unit of the nation-state, main nation-state activities, the other is the main cross-border activities, transnational identity, transnational social spaces, transnational situation and the development process, between the formation of new balance of power, the new competition, new conflict and inter-related. Wallenstein, represented by the , and that day also is its destruction, because it will lose room for development of capitalism; to replace this system is still a world structure, the socialist world government. Of course, this idea of cause criticism of many people. For example, Giddens re-affirmed the role of the nation-state: We must recognize not only by the world system of international economic linkages and interdependence between countries, shaped by relations, but also by the global state system by the national m Construction, both of which are not in any full of about one another. That is, as important as national systems and the world system.
Baker has put forward the ; world community refers to the sum of all social relations, it will not be integrated in a nation-state politics, will not be dominated by a nation-state. also pointed out that: as preconditions. , but can not pursue the to points from the areas of social life, with economic globalization, political globalization, cultural globalization and so on; and from the implementation or operation of the main global point of view, the only nation-state (government is the legal representative), rather than may be the ...
should say The meaning of refers to the interdependence of the world began to have a unified history and influence, but here the main historical events and the basic unit is the independent nation-state; an indivisible unity of the whole society towards economic, political and cultural activities become increasingly transnational direction. which this is the further and higher stage of development. However, it has been recognized that the most important features of our time is globalization . As Ai Tingni. Gilson said: sex, witnessed a major event in our past, the history of all the major events is what distinguishes the global. , p. 51, Shanghai, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Publishing House, 1995.) However, often neglect the real and shelter. Scholars have pointed out that globalization is a multi-concept, it has many layers. just to understand the literal sense, globalization is not the subject of a fuzzy concept, including the ;, scope to think globalization This process results in the formation, and globalism (globlism) is an idea advocated an ideology.
any case, Marxism today is facing the challenges of the era of globalization, only effective answer to the world age problem, Marxism is possible to obtain a new creative development. Meanwhile, in the analysis, the most important tools. There may wish to select several discussions in the controversial issues of globalization slightly resolved, discussion.
Second, the nature and extent of economic globalization, the first is economic globalization
globalization, including the capital, finance, production, trade globalization. This is more realistic today to discuss the field.
Marx and Engels pointed out that market All countries will inevitably affect the rest what is happening in another country by the impact. establish a wide range of economic links, to all peoples and nations involved in the world economic system.
today's economic globalization, this situation has fundamentally changed? not. in order to achieve the best global resources optimization as the goal of a market economy, breaking the closed self-sufficient economy, resulting in a society open and competitive. As Marx in the market competition, driven by capital possessor running all over the world, everywhere they settle everywhere, establish connexions everywhere hh for domestic consumption, but also for worldwide consumption. situation than Marx and Engels is more typical of the era. to the production, for example, can present a product distributed in a dozen production of dozens of countries or regions, so that each country, region to play its capital, technology, resources labor cost advantages, so that the final product to become enterprises and joint production of 15,000 small businesses, including Xi'an, China, the production of the aircraft tail.
the subsequent emergence of large multinational companies is the main force of economic globalization. According to statistics, currently the world's 44,000 transnational corporations The parent company, with 280,000 worldwide subsidiaries and affiliates, to form a huge global production and marketing system. These multinational companies control more than 30% of world production, control 70% of the world's foreign direct investment, more than 60% of world trade, 70% of the patents and other technology transfer. MNCs to implement global expansion, we must rely on their home country; home country is often rely on political, economic and even military means of paving the way for multinationals to its advocacy of trade, investment, financial liberalization, for multinational companies to enter other countries and regions removing obstacles. Thus, economic globalization is a developed country and regions (mainly Western developed capitalist countries) as the leading to multinational corporations as the main driving force, the worldwide industrial restructuring.
Today, due to economic, technology, modern means of transportation, modern information and communication tools have been closely linked throughout the world together It has the power of radiation around the world, the world today can completely avoid this effect, global market into people's lives.
Marxist critic of contemporary American Arif. Derek after the end of the Cold War written by a summary book, integrated understanding of the world capitalist economy, Marx, the so-called ) society. While the new National Democratic Movement (colonial struggle for independence) that this trend has improved but 70 years since the 20th century, the trend of universalization of capitalism once again been strengthened. its foundation is not only a commodity exchange and The globalization of financial transactions and, more importantly, through a Derrick also noted that the universalization of capitalism is limited. this limit in a strange way shown that the universalization of capitalism, not the geographical center of capitalism. the contemporary development of transnational capitalism, by the development of capitalism around the world create a new starting point, leaving the center of non-capitalist, and it ended up in Europe and America's economic hegemony in the world and the capitalist for the first time out of Eurocentrism.
Ralph. of Lunduo Fu also noted that globalization in the economic and social limits. First of all, not all the world countries are involved in economic globalization, for tax administration, there are some areas of services, some manufacturing sectors, some of the regional economic space, they should get rid of the pressures of globalization. is not the only future economic and social factors important. , Beijing, Central Compilation and Translation Press, 2000.) Habermas also pointed out that the globalization of markets must be made on a special definition of the concept, because there is no all-embracing world market.
the globalization of capitalism the process of tearing the nation-state boundaries, weakening the nation-state's economic sovereignty, and to the development of capitalism as a unit from the country pulled out of the national. The new global economic units (micro-body) is a multinational corporation. It was will form the new world economy is described as the kind of This resulted in the now cosmopolitan localism coexist with the paradox, showing a economic cooperation, such as the EU and ASEAN.
Third, the political and cultural globalization in the process of universalism and particularism
If the process of economic globalization has highlighted the ; the paradox, then, on the terms of the degree has been achieved, or can be expected from the degree of realization of the future look, are far lower than the economic globalization and political globalization and cultural globalization, universalism (universalism) and particularistic (localism) tensions are more prominent.
fact, politics is not only far from globalization, on the contrary, the continuous development of economic globalization at the same time, political ethnocentrism, ethnic separatism, ethnic exclusion doctrine, policy of hegemonic power, the new interventionist action has escalated the war. In the absence of realistic basis and conditions are too advanced to engage in the luxury of political globalization, is likely to be implemented in some developed countries, policies of hegemony and interventionism grand excuse. Dahrendorf is not without concern, said: globalization of culture, Marx pointed out long ago, the era in world history, the nation's spiritual products will become public property of all mankind. But Marx did not negate culture in China, he believes the so-called Many kinds of exist in, and only exists in the culture among the national character. Just imagine, in addition to the culture of various ethnic groups present in the world of culture, as well irrelevant to any nation so-called point for the dialectic, it is very easy to understand. just as we can only find one red, green, yellow, or large, small apples, but impossible to find a economic or military power to force the convergence of other civilizations. In today's world, with the collapse of the colonial system, the awakening of nations around the world and has become an irresistible trend of the rise, the national civilization is manifest themselves. For any non- biases, this highlights a very important development because there would be no difference. to save and promote the diversity of civilizations in the world is lucky, lucky human. For example in the development of Western culture, whether in Africa music in contemporary popular music of the Japanese painting of Van Gogh, Monet's influence, the Chinese architectural style of ancient buildings in Europe are fully explain the impact of hh the development of contemporary European art world really benefit from our cultural differences that still exist. British philosopher Bertrand Russell long ago: the exchange between different cultures in the past has been repeatedly proven to be a milestone in the development of human civilization. Greek study in Egypt, Rome from Greece, the Arab reference to the Roman Empire, medieval Europe and imitation of Arabia, and art follow the example of Renaissance Europe, the Byzantine Empire hh short, different cultures, different civilizations and even opposition, often lead to inspiration and creativity of people, leading to innovation. there is no difference, there is no competition, there will be no progress.
Of course, the emphasis on political, cultural nationalism is not too conservative, overweening. There is no absolute perfect thing for any political system, cultural patterns have some dregs of things; even in the time, one place is an advanced and reasonable things, With the evolution of the times and society may also become negative, decadent things. Therefore, in world politics, culture, competitive process, open, change and innovation are necessary whenever.
not be overlooked is the modern world political and cultural nationalization, diversity is under the influence and two threats: first, center of various civilizations are still visible and invisible to the suppression of other civilizations and threaten coexistence of diverse civilizations and development so that the diversity of civilization of the increasingly weakened, leading to human politics, cultural resources irretrievably lost, this will inevitably lead to suppression of civilization clash of civilizations, and even war. Currently, the most threatening of the most important centers of the West. Western politics, culture some people by virtue of its powerful economic and military power, always stubbornly adhere to the Western civilization is superior, it contains the most reasonable values, behavior and ways of thinking should be most popular around the world; even openly to maintain some Western political careerists and culture under the guise of unification, the national political system, cultural model on others. Of course, not only the Western Center on, and on any other kind of center to attempt to replace the Western Center on historical trends are contrary and harmful in the world development of civilization. For example, someone attempted to use to replace some non-Western classical Western classical, and the results will not solve the past political and cultural hegemony of the problem, but is the mode of discourse over the last Western Center on the continuous replication and a new hegemony appears. Second, the political, cultural relativism, or the threat of isolationism. relativism to recognize and protect the different political systems, cultural patterns exist, against the right and wrong with their own criteria to judge another culture, which may lead to conservative closed and exclusive: only emphasized the superiority of the civilization, to the neglect of the possible defects; only to emphasize that this civilization, development, even within civilizations and then pressing the novelty, change a positive factor, leading to the stagnation of civilization, or even decline. fully agree with the political, cultural relativism, denying some of the common cultural values of mankind, it will inevitably lead to tolerate some who bring great harm to human beings the negative political and cultural phenomena. political, and cultural relativism developed to the extreme, is one of the consequences of closed, isolated, backward isolationism.
In short, globalization era, we see a multinational technology in addition to picture, beyond the national boundaries of the media picture, greater international cultural exchange opportunities, we should also see the so-called tension between particularism is likely to persist. at least in the foreseeable future, politics, culture, especially its core values as the national character differences, certainly is the world's exchanges that can not be omitted or some of the factors.
Fourth, the status of the nation-state era of globalization the process of globalization
universalism and particularism tensions on the status of the nation-state formation of the focus.
not be denied that globalization movement, highlighting the spirit of human culture the overall spirit, that is, human consciousness, such as the emphasis on human survival, development and awareness of basic human rights of freedom, pointed out: one is the class of biological existence, not only because people regard the practice and theory of his own class mm class, and other objects as their object class mm; and because mm is only of the same thing in another way mm as the existing one to their own, to treat the class of life, because people put their freedom as a universal and therefore also the existence of material to be treated. only in the community, individuals can obtain the means to fully develop their talents, but also That is, only the middle of the community may have individual freedom. globalization broke through the traditional culture limited to the narrow vision of national and state, so people really as all is globalization, not a single region, country to independently solve the face, such as atmosphere, oceans, ecology crisis, and not a single region, the country's development with other regions and countries not linked to the development. This is We started in Thailand in 1997 the Asian financial crisis, will be able to get clear enough understanding. globalization requires people to think, from a global perspective to look at, especially when conducting foreign relations, it requires more people to and more attention to ethnic relations, the relationship between regional interests and national coordination.
Marx pointed out that the essence of capitalism is to destroy the nation-state boundaries, transcending national particularity, and its development trend is to rule the world. bourgeoisie Unless expanding the scope of commodity production and sales, and constantly open up new supply of raw materials and commodities sales market, otherwise difficult to survive, to grow. the production of social, commercial driving bourgeois around, settle everywhere, looking for the lowest cost way to maximize profits; large-scale industrial development, the rapid improvement of production tools, transport facilities, the East Indian and Chinese markets, the colonization of the Americas, the colonial trade, etc. so that the and seclusion, the isolation of each other in all previous national, and interdependence between countries have become each other a whole, ; scope of activities of the various interactions in the development process, the more we expand the original closed state of the nation as increasingly sophisticated methods of production, communication, and communication and natural result of the formation of the division of labor between the different ethnic groups is the elimination of the more thorough history the more world history. countries have been drawn into a unified world economic system.
capitalist industrial expansion of exchanges between countries, between the close of the interdependence of nation-state relations, thus era. the unity and unification of the national tariff. On the contrary, the nation-state is a Marxist analysis of the basic unit of international relations.
today's globalization process, is the status of the nation-state has posed a severe challenge. the nation-state and the nation-state sovereignty is the main cross-border activities, the opportunity to be their power, policy orientation, identity and dug the foundation for the network. with the relative, diverse, vertical and horizontal linkages. before the nation and society as a geographically isolated from each other with a boundary organization and living units, the basic idea is that the structure keeps crashing. that is the global : the nation-state and national breakdown of social units, one unit of the nation-state, main nation-state activities, the other is the main cross-border activities, transnational identity, transnational social spaces, transnational situation and the development process, between the formation of new balance of power, the new competition, new conflict and inter-related. Wallenstein, represented by the , and that day also is its destruction, because it will lose room for development of capitalism; to replace this system is still a world structure, the socialist world government. Of course, this idea of cause criticism of many people. For example, Giddens re-affirmed the role of the nation-state: We must recognize not only by the world system of international economic linkages and interdependence between countries, shaped by relations, but also by the global state system by the national m Construction, both of which are not in any full of about one another. That is, as important as national systems and the world system.
Baker has put forward the ; world community refers to the sum of all social relations, it will not be integrated in a nation-state politics, will not be dominated by a nation-state. also pointed out that: as preconditions. , but can not pursue the to points from the areas of social life, with economic globalization, political globalization, cultural globalization and so on; and from the implementation or operation of the main global point of view, the only nation-state (government is the legal representative), rather than may be the ...
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